Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the development of cyber security and information, and strengthened the top-level design and overall layout. In July 2016, the Outline of the National Informatization Development Strategy was published, which depicts the development of digital China construction in the next 10 years, and clearly sets a clear timetable and roadmap for the construction of network powers. In December 2016, “Thirteen The "National Informatization Plan" was released, clearly proposing to achieve significant results in the construction of digital China as the overall goal of China's informatization development. In the past two years, the informatization development strategy, the national big data strategy, and the “Internet +†action plan have been frequently deployed, and the foundation of the network is solid. In 2017, China's digital economy reached 27.2 trillion yuan, and the digital economy ranked second in the world. Informatization has become an important engine for driving economic development quality change, efficiency change, power change and improving total factor productivity.
The manufacturing industry is the main body of the real economy. It bears an important historical mission in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and it also bears important responsibilities for better meeting the people's growing needs for a better life. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to "adhere to the new development concept, promote the simultaneous development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization", "implement the new development concept, and build a modern economic system. Deepen the supply side." Structural reform. Accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing, and promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy." We must profoundly understand the position of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the current stage of historical development, as well as the strategic thinking on the development of the real economy, especially the advanced manufacturing industry. According to the new concept, new requirements and new deployment of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the information will be The integration of chemical and industrialization (hereinafter referred to as the integration of two technologies) has moved from automation and digitalization to a new stage of network and intelligent development, and promoted the construction of a strong country in manufacturing to a new level, and promoted China's manufacturing into a new era of high-end development.
The new generation of information and communication technology represented by the Internet is triggering a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Humanity has entered a transition period from an industrial economy to a digital economy. As a new production factor after labor, land, capital, technology and management, data is increasingly becoming a new source of economic development, and is also further catalyzing the new value of the original production factors. Advancing the innovation and development requirements of China's advanced manufacturing industry is closely related to the construction of an open-value ecosystem, cultivating new types of competitiveness through human-computer intelligent integration, and weakening the competitive advantages formed by the developed countries through the construction of closed technology systems to achieve over-the-counter overtaking.
(1) The world is in the midst of a period of great change from the industrial economy to the accelerated transformation of the digital economy. With the extensive and in-depth application of information and communication technologies, as well as the emergence of new models and new formats, the human society's production and life style is undergoing profound changes. A digital world is in the process of accelerating the construction, through the gradual simulation of the physical world. To full mirroring, it can greatly enhance human ability to develop the digital world and transform the physical world. From the industrial economy to the digital economy, it is characterized by the transformation of production factors with data as the core, and the transformation of the economic development model based on material production and material services to the economic development model based on information production and information services.
It should be emphasized that the transition from industrial society to the information society is not only a systematic and comprehensive innovation process, but also a long-term historical process of continuous evolution. There will be different missions, goals, tasks and models at different stages. At present, in response to the law shift from industrial economy to digital economy, the international competition around the commanding heights of manufacturing is intensifying. Countries are strengthening their overall strategic layout and theoretical method innovation in combination with their own advantages. In order to re-adjust and re-lay, developing countries are committed to grasping the major opportunities for the development of industrialization and information transformation to achieve "changing the road and overtaking." Generally speaking, in the period when the world is in a period of great development, great change, and major adjustment, after the main contradiction of the Chinese society in the new era turns to the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the development of an imbalance, it is necessary to adhere to the new development concept. To plan and arrange economic development at the strategic level, we must explore and form the theoretical systems and methods of integration, transformation, and innovation. We must not follow the old and sit on the ground, not only focus on local improvement and optimization, but also use the development theory of traditional industrialization. Models and methods promote new industrialization in the information age. To promote the development of advanced manufacturing industry, it is urgent to form a new systematic theory and new method to adapt to the development law of the information age, so as to effectively promote the interactive integration and coordinated development of strategic objectives, development concepts, main tasks, working methods and promotion mechanisms.
Historical experience shows that every major change in economic shape will inevitably lead to new production factors. Labor and land are the new production factors in the era of agricultural economy. Capital and technology are the new production factors in the industrial economy era. Entering the era of digital economy, data is gradually becoming a key production factor and a new engine driving economic and social development.
On the one hand, the convergence of information technology and economic society, especially the development of the Internet of Things, has led to rapid growth of data. Big data has become a fundamental strategic resource of society, with enormous potential and energy. More than 95% of human information is stored, transmitted and used in digital format. The data processing and processing capacity has also increased by tens of thousands of times. Data has begun to penetrate into all aspects of human society production and life. The rapid advancement of data storage and computing processing power has greatly increased the value creation potential of data, and is driving a leap in human value creation.
On the other hand, the convergence of data resources and industry is driving a new leap in social productivity. The traditional economic development model mainly relies on general production factors such as land, labor, capital, etc., with low barriers to entry and rapid expansion of scale, but it is also likely to lead to overcapacity, vicious competition and low-end development. The timeliness, integrity, development and utilization level of industrial big data, as well as the integration of data flow, material flow and capital flow, help to greatly improve the efficiency and level of optimal allocation of manufacturing resources. Compared with other factors of production, data resources have the endowments of replicable, sharable, infinite growth and supply. They break the constraints of traditional supply of limited supply on growth, and continuously catalyze and transform traditional elements such as labor, capital, technology, and management. Continuous growth and innovative development offer new conditions and possibilities. GM introduced the concept of Industrial Internet as early as 2012. The Predix platform is responsible for connecting and analyzing people, data and machines. The essence is to add more sensors to its products to obtain massive amounts of data, and ultimately help the company improve its equipment. Energy efficiency, paying attention to improving profitability from the special productivity increase. Siemens' MindSphere-based open architecture has powerful data acquisition and standardization capabilities, down to the shop floor plant equipment, and provides an open architecture for the development layer of the application software. Based on this "digital twins" and Teamcenter software platform and data platform, etc. Formed a large closed loop covering the entire industrial production life cycle to generate value increases in different fields and different vertical markets.
Compared with the traditional manufacturing industry, the value chain is formed by the trade of technology products. The advanced manufacturing industry uses the Internet as a tool and data as a link to form a value-creating network that combines human and machine intelligence. In the process of the development of traditional manufacturing industry, the long-term cycle of technology has fostered a stable and expected market. Enterprises have sufficient power and time to establish a chimney-type industrial system and a closed-interest ecosystem through technological barriers through technological patents and standards. A comparative advantage with the value recovery market. With the rapid development of information technology, the increasingly rapid growth of personalized demand and its increasing timeliness force technology and applications to rapidly update iterations in the short term, which has spawned an open source technology system, and the rise of open source technology systems has broken the original The pattern of interests has weakened the first-mover advantage of technology. Compared with the traditional manufacturing competition pattern based on closed industrial technology system, advanced manufacturing needs to form a new competitive advantage around the construction of open value ecology. The key aspect is to make full use of the Internet and use data as a new production factor. Artificial intelligence uses the digital model to characterize and simulate the objective laws of the physical world and the human experience. It forms a new capability system for self-learning and continuous iterative optimization. On the other hand, it continuously deepens the “double innovation†and continuously improves the market transaction efficiency. Reducing transaction costs promotes enterprises to break through organizational boundaries, reduce organizational size, promote organizational relations from employment to contractual systems, and enhance the ability of socialized open organizations to fully stimulate people's innovation, vitality and potential. In summary, the open-value ecological construction capability is currently mainly characterized by more accurate mining of user needs, greater dynamic integration and configuration of resources, and the ability to provide personalized services more efficiently.
Second, the opportunities and challenges facing the development of China's advanced manufacturing industryThe world is transitioning from an industrial economy to a digital economy. China is and will continue to leap in the historical stage of industrialization and informatization integration, along the stage of digitization, networking and intelligence. The main mission of the digitization phase is to manufacture infrastructure, digitalization of behavioral activities, and software transformation. The manufacturing resource allocation rules have not undergone fundamental changes. The main mission of the networkization phase is to dynamically configure manufacturing resources on a large-scale basis. The main mission is to dig deep and accurately configure manufacturing resources according to individual needs. Therefore, the network and intelligent stage will be the era of manufacturing development theory, method tools, and systematic and subversive changes in solutions. At present, China's manufacturing industry is in a critical period of accelerating from the digitization stage to the network stage. The development of advanced manufacturing industry faces a series of opportunities and challenges.
(1) China's advanced manufacturing industry has developed a good digital foundationIn the past ten years, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have adopted the integration of the two industries as an important strategy for long-term adherence. The work has been continuously deepened, the results have been continuously manifested, and the role of upgrading the industrial development has become increasingly prominent, laying a good digital foundation for the development of advanced manufacturing. The penetration of information technology in research and development, production, management, management and other aspects has continued to deepen. By the end of 2017, the proportion of enterprises entering the two stages of integration and innovation and innovation breakthrough reached 19.3%, and the digitalization of research and development design tools and the numerical control rate of key processes reached 63.3% and 46.4%, respectively. The proportion increased by 10% compared with 2014, and the industrial e-commerce penetration rate reached 55.4%, which drove the company's precision manufacturing, flexible manufacturing and agile manufacturing capabilities to be greatly improved. The basic capabilities of domestic automatic control and perception, industrial software, cloud platform, and industrial Internet have also been improved.
Figure 2012-2017 National Distribution of the Two-in-One Integration Stage
By the end of 2017, the digitization rate of production equipment in China was 44.8%, and the popularity of production control software such as MES, CAM, SCADA was 20.7%, 20.0%, and 16.7%, respectively, and the application rate of enterprise cloud platform was 40.4%.
(II) China has a significant ecological advantage to promote the development of “Internet + advanced manufacturingâ€The first is the huge talent (user) advantage. At present, the quantitative advantage of China's population is gradually transforming into a quality advantage. While providing the world's largest consumer market and application users, it also provides labor resources with enormous innovation potential. Of the 7 million recent graduates, 2.8 million are in science and engineering, and the number of science and engineering talents ranks first in the world. Second, rich experience in systematic engineering construction. China's successful experience in major engineering fields such as 4G standards, high-speed rail and aerospace has laid a solid foundation for us to focus on resource systems to promote "Internet + advanced manufacturing" with Chinese characteristics. The third is the most complete industrial system in the world. China is a big industrial country. Among the more than 500 major industrial products in the world, more than 220 kinds of production ranks first in the world. It has the most complete industrial system, the most complete industrial support and multi-level Industrial clusters. Fourth, good infrastructure conditions, China not only has a strong transportation and energy infrastructure, but also has the world's widest coverage of broadband networks, mobile Internet, satellite navigation, cloud computing and other new infrastructure construction is also accelerating. The fifth is the world's most complete Internet ecosystem. China's Internet industry is active in innovation. A group of internationally competitive Internet companies represented by BATJ have emerged rapidly. New technologies represented by artificial intelligence and quantum computing continue to emerge, based on the Internet. The new model and new business are emerging one after another.
(3) Accelerating the development of advanced manufacturing industry, it is urgent to break through the bottleneck of the terminal's comprehensive connectionThe networking of industrial equipment facilities is the basis for the sound development of advanced manufacturing industries. At present, the networking rate of industrial equipments in all countries in the world is not high. The reason is that on the one hand, benefiting from the traditional industrial closed technology system and value barriers, the core profit of equipment manufacturers mainly comes from product trading and offline market services. The network transformation of equipment and the lack of motivation for providing online services; on the other hand, due to the unclear business model, insufficient online service capabilities, high cost of equipment access, and insufficient expectations of value returns, industrial enterprises generally lack the power of equipment networking. China is in a critical period of building and manufacturing a strong country and a network power. Enterprises need to use the Internet platform to expand the market, enhance their capabilities, accelerate transformation, and reshape their competitiveness. However, China's industrial equipment and facilities are digital and networked, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Equipment transformation and data collection are difficult. In 2017, the digitization rate of production equipment of Chinese enterprises was 44.8%, while the networking rate of digital equipment was only 39.0%. China urgently needs to greatly improve the network level of industrial equipment and facilities and break through the bottleneck of development.
(IV) Accelerating the development of advanced manufacturing industry, it is urgent to solve the key constraints of comprehensive management of organizational managementIn the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out the major strategic thinking of comprehensively deepening reforms. At the same time, he clearly stated that it is necessary to break all the ill-conceived ideological concepts and institutional mechanisms, break through the barriers of solidification of interests, and build a complete system, scientific and standardized. Run an effective institutional system. To achieve innovation and drive the development of the real economy, the most urgent thing is to break down the institutional and institutional barriers and form a synergy to promote innovation. The most formal form of change triggered by all new technologies is reflected in the transformation of organizational management models. Promoting the development of advanced manufacturing is not only a problem of technological penetration and integration, but also an innovation strategy, organization, process, and business model to adapt to the development philosophy and management mechanism of information technology change and the development trend of the information age. Efforts should be made to promote business process reengineering and organizational change, break the bureaucracy, fully activate individual vitality in the organization, rebuild the organization's operational mechanism, and build a self-organizing and social organization network that motivates people's creativity. Continuously improve the coordination of production relations and productivity, accelerate the release and cultivation of new kinetic energy, improve regional capacity adjustment and collaboration and external resource acquisition capabilities, enhance national capacity layout and external global resource allocation capabilities, and continuously improve the scope of on-demand dynamic allocation of manufacturing resources. , ability, level and effectiveness.
III. Countermeasures and Suggestions for Accelerating the Development of Advanced Manufacturing IndustryStepping into a new era, as pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress, “accelerating the development of advanced manufacturing industry and actively promoting the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economyâ€, the core of the advanced nature of manufacturing industry is mainly based on the Internet. With data as a new production factor, a new manufacturing capability system based on the integration of human and machine intelligence is constructed.
(1) Promote terminal access to the Internet and enterprises to build a new foundation for network development Implementing the project of 100 million enterprise production facilities and facilities. Through special funds such as technological transformation, intelligent manufacturing, industrial Internet and related policy measures, central enterprises and leading enterprises will guide, encourage and help enterprises to accelerate the automation of equipment and facilities through the requirements of supplier access requirements and relevant standards and standards. , digitization, network level, speed up the terminal equipment facilities online, eliminate the bottleneck of insufficient data terminal connection in China. For enterprises to build new equipment and facilities, data collection, transmission, sharing and use should be taken as important indicators; for existing equipment and facilities, data connection can be realized by collecting existing control system data or installing sensors.
Cloud services have typical characteristics such as resource pooling, flexible provisioning, and pay-as-you-go, which can significantly reduce the cost of purchasing digital equipment and improve the efficiency of digital application. In terms of hardware and software, the cloud platform replaces direct purchase or self-built by IT hardware and software resource lease, which can greatly reduce hardware and software costs. In addition, enterprises can open up information silos through core business systems, promote integration of manufacturing resources and data, and significantly improve the overall benefits of enterprises. The next step should be to promote the cloud of millions of enterprises and promote the SMEs to become platform users. Encourage the platform to land in the industrial clusters, support local governments to encourage cloud-based transformation through financial and tax support, government procurement services, etc., to create a platform for capacity building and platform use of two-way iteration, mutual promotion of technology, industry, talent support system and business mode.
At present, the global manufacturing industry is accelerating from digitalization to networkization. Realizing the on-demand dynamic allocation of large-scale resources is the main force for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing in the networked stage. "Manufacturing + Internet" can better solve the problem of information asymmetry, but even if the information is transparent, if the credit system is not perfect, the online transaction of resources and capabilities is still difficult to achieve, and the dynamic allocation of resources on demand needs to be in the participating entities. Establish a new mechanism for reliable credit sharing. Launching the “Manufacturing + Internet + Finance†pilot, strengthening innovation and integration of manufacturing and finance, improving manufacturing credit records and employee credit files, integrating manufacturing-related credit information resources, relying on cloud computing, big data, blockchain, etc. The technical means adopts a distributed architecture to accelerate the promotion of credit information interconnection, realize the integration and sharing of credit information, strengthen the credit service and supervision of the relevant entities of the manufacturing industry, and provide credit guarantees for the achievement of online, convenient and efficient service transactions, and establish and promote A new mechanism for credit co-construction and sharing of manufacturing resources dynamic optimization and configuration, thus creating a good environment for the innovation and development of manufacturing industry.
(3) Deeply promote "double creation" and bring into play the new potential of social organizationsDigitalization has greatly improved the efficiency of internal resource allocation and reduced the internal transaction costs of enterprises. Networking has greatly improved the efficiency of large-scale on-demand dynamic allocation of manufacturing resources and greatly reduced the transaction cost of the market. As the market transaction cost is lower than the internal transaction cost of the enterprise, the road to large-scale enterprise expansion has come to an end, and gradually embarked on a professional and lightweight development path focusing on core competitiveness. When market transaction costs approach zero, most companies will also be reduced to a single person. In addition, advancing advanced manufacturing is a systematic and global innovation work, building a top-notch talent team covering industrial technology, platform architecture, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, management, and market. Deeply understand the law of innovation and development of "Internet + advanced manufacturing" and explore a feasible and practicable path. At present, most of these talents are scattered in different fields and different enterprises. Only by deepening the "double innovation", speeding up the exploration of new models of social organizations, and reconstructing the value relationship between people and people and organizations can we break the rigid The talent use mechanism will release scarce talents from existing organizations and better stimulate the vitality, motivation and potential of talent innovation.
(4) Vigorously promote the industrial Internet platform to fully empower small, medium and small enterprises, and form a new model for market leading development. The industrial Internet platform is an important entry point for deepening the "Internet + advanced manufacturing industry", a new type of engine for advanced manufacturing, and an industrial operating system. Through the construction of an industrial Internet platform, we will integrate the industrial know-how, ICT enabling technology, and Internet ecological model, and fully empower the enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises and individuals, and build an open and collaborative social organization and new ecology based on the platform. Better implementation of manufacturing resources on a large scale on-demand dynamic configuration. Compared with the traditional manufacturing model, the industrial Internet platform and the social organization based on the platform will trigger the subversive innovation of the entire manufacturing system. It is a feasible way to replace the industrial closed technology system by constructing an open value ecology and realize the overtaking of the manufacturing lane change. . In the era of network, through platform empowerment, the threshold for industrialization leading capital production factors such as capital and technology will be greatly reduced, and the relative value will be greatly reduced. Talent creative labor will become the dominant factor for jointly creating value, and the distribution according to work will gradually replace Distribution by capital has become the main way of global income distribution, and will further accelerate the improvement of open value ecology and the vigorous development of social organizations. Large-scale manufacturing enterprises are the vested interests of the industrial closed technology system. The power to change the traditional model is small, the resistance is large, and large-scale enterprises of the same type compete for long-term competition. It is difficult to establish a cooperative relationship of openness, mutual trust, cooperation and win-win, and promote their extensive participation in the construction platform. A benign market is very difficult. On the other hand, small and medium-sized enterprises urgently need to obtain more abundant resources and stronger capabilities through application platforms, break the technology and interest barriers built by large enterprises, and explore more flexible, more creative and higher value-reward innovations based on open-value ecology. Development path. Therefore, China should regard small and medium-sized enterprises as the main body of industrial Internet platform application. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is huge. Large-scale market applications can promote the continuous improvement of technology and industry in rapid iterations, and gradually push the platform from exploration to maturity. The development model forms a benign market ecology. Promoting the application platform of small and medium-sized enterprises requires the government and the market to jointly promote the application of industrial Internet platforms in industrial clusters and industrial parks, and promote the application platform of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain by large enterprises such as central enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Encourage small and medium-sized micro-enterprise application platforms through government procurement services.
The opportunity of overtaking in the advanced manufacturing industry is in front of us. It is urgent to grasp the strategic window period, give full play to China's current ecological advantages, system layout, classification and policy, and overall promotion, and build open value of data-driven advanced manufacturing innovation and development. Ecology, the Chinese program to form a digital transformation of the industry.
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