Recently, Harvard University scientists have designed a metamaterial that has a refractive index of zero and can be integrated on a chip. The speed of light can reach “infinityâ€. This achievement opens the door to exploring zero-refractive physics and its application in integrated optics.
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This zero-refractive-index material consists of a gold-plated silicon column array embedded in a polymer matrix. Without phase propulsion, a static phase is produced, and its wavelength can be regarded as infinitely long.
It sounds like it violates the law of relativity, but it doesn't. There is nothing in the universe that can run faster than light, but light has another speed, the speed of the wave motion, called the phase velocity, which depends on the material through which the light passes. For example, when light passes through the water surface, the phase velocity will become smaller as the wavelength is squeezed. After entering the water, the phase velocity will increase again because the wavelength is stretched. In the medium, the refractive index is used to indicate that the velocity of the wave peak is slowed. The higher the refractive index, the greater the interference with the diffraction of the light wave, such as the refractive index of water being about 1.3.
In a zero-refractive-index material, there is no phase advancement of the peak trough, which means that the light behaves no longer like a moving wave, but rather a stationary phase, with all peak troughs arranged in infinitely long wavelengths. Crests and troughs are only used as a temporal variable, not as a space.
Light is difficult to squeeze or manipulate, and this uniform phase allows light to be stretched, squeezed, or twisted without losing energy. The integration of zero-refractive-index materials onto chips is expected to bring bright applications, especially in the field of quantum computing.
According to the physicist's organization network, the zero-refractive-index metamaterial consists of a gold-plated silicon pillar array embedded in a polymer matrix, which can couple the silicon waveguide with standard integrated photonic devices and chip interfaces, allowing people to work on different chips. Manipulating light, squeezing, distorting light, and even reducing the beam diameter to the nanometer level. Eric Mazur, a professor of physics and applied physics at the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) at the school, said that this is a good new way to control light. "This on-chip metamaterial opens the door to exploring zero-refractive physics and its application in integrated optics."
Li Yang, the first author of the paper and a postdoctoral researcher at the Mazur team, said that in general silicon waveguides, the light energy constraint is weak and ineffective, which is a major obstacle to integrated photonic circuits. Constraining electromagnetic energy in the structure provides a solution.
Related papers were published in the journal Nature-Photonics.
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