Working voltage and measurement of automotive and trailer lighting and signaling devices

This standard specifies the operating voltage range for external lighting and signaling devices for automobiles and trailers, as well as methods for measuring these operating voltages.
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO 3559-1976 "Road vehicles - working voltage of motor vehicles and their trailers."

1 Scope of application
1 . 1 This standard applies to cars and trailers powered by internal combustion engines and equipped with lead-acid batteries.
1 . 2 The methods specified in this standard are used for measurement:
a . The operating voltage of the incandescent bulb electrical connection in the external lighting and signalling devices installed in the vehicle;
b. The operating voltage on the terminal of the electrical connector socket installed on the vehicle that tow the trailer;
c. The operating voltage of the electrical connection of the incandescent bulb in the external signal device installed on the trailer.

2 terms
2.1 Terms for incandescent bulbs 2.1.1 The voltage at which the nominal voltage is marked on the bulb or its packaging.
2.1. 2 The test voltage is such that the bulb meets the photoelectric parameters and the average life of the bulb terminal voltage specified by the national standard or the professional (part) standard, and its value is specified in the national standard or professional (department) standard.
2. 1. 3 The actual voltage at the lamp electrical connection or on the electrical connector socket (or plug) terminal.
2.1.4 Operating voltage range The value range of the operating voltage specified in this standard includes the maximum value and/or the minimum value.
2. 2 Terms relating to electrical systems for automobiles and trailers 2.2.1 Automotive test voltages Actual voltage at the battery terminals under the measurement conditions specified in this standard.
2.2.2 Trailer test voltage The actual voltage on the test socket (or plug) terminal when powered by an external regulated power supply as specified in this standard.
2 . 3 Other terms Other terms see GB 3730 . 1 — 83 “The terminology of vehicles and trailers and their definition of vehicle type”, GB 4785 — 84 “Quantity, position and colour of external lighting and signaling devices for motor vehicles and trailers”, GB 3949 — 83 "Laboratory DC Resistor", GB 5008 . 1 - 85 "Technical requirements and test methods for lead-acid batteries for start-up".

3 measurement procedures
3.1 Preparation for cars and trailers 3. l. 1 In all voltage measurements, replace the original incandescent bulb with an equivalent resistor or a calibrated incandescent bulb for the luminaire to be measured for operating voltage, in the test report. To record the method used. If there is any objection, the method of using the equivalent resistor is the decisive method.
The resistance value of the equivalent resistor or the calibrated incandescent bulb must comply with Table 1. If the type of incandescent bulb used is not included in Table 1, its equivalent resistance is determined by the average power consumption at its test voltage.

Table 1

Continued Table 1

3.1.2 Each equivalent resistor shall be connected to a measuring plug that conforms to the replaced bulb. The resistance and operating voltage of the equivalent resistor are measured at the connection end of the measuring plug (Figure 1).

3.1.3 For vehicles with traction trailers with electrical connector sockets, the equivalent resistor should approximate the typical load of the trailer. Its equivalent resistance must comply with Table 2. During the entire measurement process, the equivalent resistor is connected to the socket through the electrical connector plug, except as otherwise specified in 3.3.3. The equivalent resistance is measured on the terminal of the plug and the operating voltage is measured on the terminal of the socket (Figure 2).

Table 2

figure 2

3.1.4 It is permissible to replace the windshield electric wiper with an equivalent resistor; this equivalent resistor shall simulate the average power consumption of the electric wiper as specified in ammonium 3.2.2.1.
3.1.5 For two illumination stage signal lamps with series resistance, the circuit does not pass through the series resistor. For turn signals, the circuit does not pass through the flasher. The lighting of the instrument panel uses ordinary incandescent bulbs and adjusts them to maximum brightness.
3.1.6 The battery should be fully charged; if there is any dispute, the battery should be fully charged according to GB 5008.1.
3.1.7 If a voltage regulator that manually controls the regulated voltage to ambient temperature is used, it must be controlled to the average regulated voltage position.
3.2 Measuring the test voltage of the car 3.2.1 Start the ready-to-start car according to 3.1, and preheat the engine as follows:
a. Running at 50% of the rated engine speed for 15 minutes
b. Running at engine idle speed for about 5s;
c. Operate for 5 minutes at 50% of the rated engine speed.
3.2.2 Circuit load status during warm-up time:
3.2.2.1 All cars must be connected to the following circuits:
a. Each high beam light;
b. Front position lights;
c. Each rear position light;
d. License plate lights;
e. each dashboard lighting;
f. each windshield electric wiper whose blades should be moved at a maximum sweep frequency on wet glass;
g. The heater fan runs at the lowest speed.
3.2.2. 2 For vehicles with traction connectors that are fitted with electrical connector sockets, a set of equivalent resistors in Table 2 must also be switched on.
3.2.3 Immediately after the endurance of the engine is completed, measure the terminal voltage of the battery. This measured value is the test voltage of the vehicle. At this time, the engine continues to operate according to the provisions of c. 3.2.1, and the circuit is still in the condition specified in 3.2.2. .
After recording the vehicle test voltage, the engine is stopped and the ignition circuit is turned off.
3. 3 Measuring the working voltage on the car 3.3.1 On the above vehicle after measuring the test voltage of the car, connect an external DC stabilized power supply to the terminal of the battery to adjust the voltage of the regulated power supply at any time; The terminal has an automotive test voltage measured in accordance with 3.2.3.
3.3.2 To measure the operating voltage on all vehicles, the loads of b, c, d, e, f and g of 3.2.2.1 must be switched on.
3.3.3 The operating voltage is measured in accordance with Table 3 on all vehicles; however, when the operating voltage is measured on a vehicle with a traction trailer in which the electrical connector socket is installed, the socket is not connected to the load.

table 3

3.3.4 Measure the working voltage according to Table 4 on the vehicle that is towing the trailer. This is an additional measurement when the electrical connector socket is connected to the load specified in 3.1.3 and Table 2.

Table 4

3.4 Measuring the working voltage on the trailer 3.4.1 The external DC stabilized power supply supplies current to the trailer through the terminal of the measuring socket. The measuring socket should be coupled to the plug on the trailer. The trailer test voltage is measured on the terminal of the measuring socket. For trailers with a nominal voltage of 12V, the trailer test voltage is 13V. For trailers with a nominal voltage of 24V, the trailer test voltage is 27V.
3.4.2 Measure the operating voltage according to Table 5.

table 5

4 Measuring environment and measuring instruments and meters
4.1 Measured on a car, the ambient temperature is 23 ± 5 ° C; measured on a trailer, the ambient temperature is 23 ± 10 ° C.
4.2 The external DC stabilized power supply should output the required current and voltage. Its internal resistance is not more than 0.003Ω, and the ripple voltage is not more than 25mV.
4.3 The meter for measuring voltage is at least 0.5, and the internal resistance is not less than 1000Ω/V.
When selecting a range on a pointer meter, the reading should be more than one-half of the full scale. When using a digital meter, its inaccuracy is no more than 0.5% of the indicated value.

5 working voltage diagram
5.1 For automobiles, the working voltage range must comply with the requirements of Table 6. The vehicles that pull the trailer must also comply with Table 7.

Table 6

Table 7 V

Continued Table 7 V

5.2 For trailers, the operating voltage range must comply with Table 8.

Additional information:
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Shanghai Automotive Tractor Research Institute.
This standard was drafted by Shanghai Automotive Tractor Research Institute and the Highway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications.
The drafters of this standard are Chen Yuming and Wang Lilin.