The technology of indoor instruction and promotion has been discussed for more than 10 years. When RFID was proposed in 2003, in addition to the demand for warehouses, the poster application was also mentioned. RFID was embedded on the poster, and an RFID reader was installed on the mobile phone. Information within RFID (usually a web address). However, this kind of application of RFID has not been popularized. Instead, the QR Code is presented in the form of printing. The mobile phone can obtain any information posted and printed as long as it has a photographic lens and identification software.
Figure: The application of indoor positioning has been called for many years, and the current voice of BLE technology is the highest.
RFID and QR Code can only indicate additional information, but can't track and locate mobile consumers. In 2004, ZigBee started to take off. It has a wide range of applications, including smart grid, Internet of Things, etc., but there are also pavilions used to provide location guides. Or the Anyangyuan provides the positioning of the elderly and wheelchairs. ZigBee is better than RFID and QR Code, but ZigBee is too biased towards industrial applications. Generally, mobile phones do not have ZigBee function. In contrast, most mobile phones have Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G/4G, and GPS functions.
To achieve indoor positioning, Wi-Fi is also an option, but Wi-Fi is more power-hungry, mobile phone power is not very suitable; 3G/4G base station is too far, can only provide a rough positioning, the error is above the meter It is difficult to accurately locate. If it is used as an indoor selling rack or exhibit navigation guide, it cannot give more accurate information. As for GPS, it is not suitable for indoor use. Once it enters the room, it will be invalid. It depends on the acceleration sensor, gyroscope, or even Digital compass (magnetoresis, geomagnetic sensor), etc., as a positioning aid after GPS disconnection.
Indoor positioning BLE outlet
Under the new mobile reading and sensing device (RFID, ZigBee out), it can accurately locate and save power, and generally point to Bluetooth, especially BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) technology after Bluetooth 4.0.
At present, Apple has implemented indoor positioning technology based on BLE, called iBeacon. It is interesting that Apple has never participated in industry alliances or adhered to industry standards. With the exception of this technology, Apple previously (2011) made an exception to join the Bluetooth SIG. The big possibility is to implement iBeacon. iBeacon also provides an exception to support products other than Apple. Android or other devices are also available. Apple itself is fully supportive, Mac support, and 254 Apple Stores are also supported.
Coincidentally, Qualcomm also looks at this application technology, launches Gimbal, and adopts a highly open strategy, which is compatible with iBeacon. However, those who want to adopt Gimbal technology still need to obtain authorization from Qualcomm, and also sell separate identification labels. Sign and locate the base station (small box), and iBeacon can use the iPhone, iPad and other devices to play the label/positioning base station.
802.15.4a positioning accuracy is higher
Positioning with BLE technology is ideal, but the positioning accuracy is about 30cm. Some companies have proposed a technical solution with an accuracy of 10cm. For example, DecaWave proposes an indoor positioning solution based on the IEEE 802.15.4a standard. This standard is a common saying. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, which is used to detect mines, underground buried objects, life sensors during disaster relief, etc. before they are commercialized.
IEEE 802.15.4a was originally used as a high-speed transmission application within 10m, such as WirelessUSB, but because of the opposition of the industry camp, the final dissolution of the working group, the opposite party is Intel, support for WirelessHD, but WirelessHD only plays video. Mainly, Intel later implemented WiGig based on IEEE 802.11ad, and similarly demanded high-speed interface transmission within 10m.
Although the UWB positioning is more accurate, the transmission rate is higher than BLE (direct transmission of multimedia guidance content, no need for the mobile phone to use Wi-Fi or 3G/4G to connect to the remote webpage), but the development limitation is that the mobile phone does not have UWB function ( The same dilemma as ZigBee and RFID). In addition, does the 10m distance mean that the indoor positioning base station (box type device) should be more widely installed? Bluetooth can be 1m/10m/100m distance. A typical Apple Store needs 20 iBeacon positioning base stations to cover all. Is UWB more? Or iBeacon is only covered with a distance of 10m. As for Wi-Fi, there are 60~140m, and ZigBee can even reach 300m. The number of positioning devices also affects the cost of deployment and the complexity of maintenance management.
Finally, iBeacon also hopes to realize direct payment. In the future, store consumption will not be concentrated on the counter checkout. NFC may be affected by this. NFC is only 10cm away under passive induction, and the active induction of battery buck is only 20cm away. The problem of desk checkout still exists.
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