Amazon proposed a few years ago to use unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver goods, which can save half of the delivery time, manpower and shipping costs are only one-eighth of the original, is a very efficient and cost-effective delivery. In addition, applications such as aerial photography, patrol monitoring, agricultural and fishery aids, disaster prevention and rescue, military defense and other applications continue to expand, and the potential of relevant business opportunities is full.
The International UAV Vehicles Association estimates that the UAV market will reach $10 billion in 2025, five times in five years, with the largest kinetic energy in North America and Asia. In fact, drones have a history of 90 years of development. They were mainly used for military purposes in the early days. In recent years, they have been fermented by the concept of Internet of Things. At the same time, information, communication and network technologies have been integrated, making drones penetrate from consumer entertainment toys. Apply to various fields. Taking advantage of this wave of enthusiasm, in recent years, various types of unmanned aircraft with excellent performance have been developed in China, and the official units have been effectively supported to perform aerial photography, measurement, monitoring, search, GIS and other tasks. At present, drones have progressed from players to industrial applications, and it is expected to develop into a complete industrial chain.
Figure 1 Zeng Lianghong, customer service manager of Leihu Technology, pointed out that in the application of drones, in addition to delivery, there are more imaginations, and both FaceBook and Google propose more creative applications.
From aerial photography, patrol monitoring, agricultural and fishery aids, to disaster prevention and rescue and material transportation, the potential of UAVs is endless, so it has attracted attention, but it also implies that the regulations are not perfect and the business model is not mature. The challenges affecting the development of the industry, how to deeply grasp its technical trends and market opportunities, and early insight into the limitations of regulations and industrial development risks, for all manufacturers concerned about business opportunities in this field, is the necessary homework before the investment. If the type is extended to unmanned vehicles, all kinds of unmanned mobile devices on land, underwater and in the air are counted, even the sweeping robots. However, the recent unmanned aircraft and multi-axis aircraft are well known. Focus on discussing this type of unmanned vehicle.
UAV applications are becoming more widespreadAmazon proposed a few years ago to ship with unmanned aerial vehicles, which can save half of the delivery time, and the labor and shipping costs are only one-eighth of the original. It is a very efficient and cost-effective delivery method. Zeng Lianghong (Fig. 1), the customer service manager of Leihu Technology, pointed out that in the application of drones, there is more imagination space besides delivery. FaceBook is loaded with fixed-wing drones in Africa and other remote areas. Base station, strengthen the signal of mobile communication. Google also uses drones to map and scan terrain and terrain, and enhances the accuracy and accuracy of its Google Map or Google Earth service. The types and ratings of drones are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Type and classification of drones
In addition, new functions can be applied to the equipment on the drone. For example, an infrared thermal sensor can perform accurate biological sensing at night, and can be used in coastal patrol or smuggling. In addition, at the scene of the fire, the infrared thermal sensor can see through the fog, smoke, dust, quickly scan the ceiling heat accumulation and fire spread in the fire, and clearly see the trapped people or hidden heat sources to assist in the command of fire fighting. Such as forest fire fire monitoring/survey, wireless base station line equipment inspection, high voltage electric tower line equipment inspection, high voltage electric tower obstruction inspection, wind turbine blade equipment inspection, agricultural land moisture/soil inspection, agricultural land spraying / Livestock dynamic monitoring, air pollution monitoring, oil pipeline equipment oil pipeline inspection, traffic monitoring / accident investigation, emergency rescue search and disaster investigation are all applications of drones.
With the gradual popularization of drones, the recent incidents of drone crashes have been commonplace, causing property damage and heavy casualties. Zeng Lianghong said that from time to time, consumers have been unfamiliar with the operation, resulting in news crashing near the crowd. It is understood that 80% of these crashed drones are caused by human-made operational problems, such as drone impact 101. The building, the Sun Moon Lake Visitor Center crashed and wounded, and broke into the Qingquangang airspace.
In the flight action part of the drone, there are currently three sources. One is the "wire control". The ground personnel conduct flight control in a wired or wireless manner. The aircraft must be in the line of sight and the control technology is high. The second is "smart", with the intelligent technology of military drones, controlled by communication technology, the aircraft can leave the line of sight of the operators, becoming the mainstream of the current consumer drone market. The third is "autonomous flight", combined with artificial intelligence to think independently, after receiving the mission command, the drone can plan the flight path by itself and deal with all emergencies and risks in the process.
Key components and design essentials for drones
Figure 3 Shen Zikai, a manager of the marketing application of Nuvotech's microcontroller, said that the flight control board and the aviation reference system are the core of the UAV electronic components.
The development of key components of drones is becoming more and more mature. Shen Zikai (Fig. 3), a manager of the marketing application of Xintang Technology Microcontroller, said that the electronic components of drones include: 2.4G remote control, lithium battery charger, PTZ, obstacle avoidance system, flight control board, ESC, aerial module and ultrasonic leveling module. In addition, the company also launched a flight reference system (AHRS), which consists of a flight control system main control board and a power supply/Bluetooth expansion board. The main control board is equipped with a main control chip, a dual six-axis sensor, and a dual magnetic compass. Barometer, four-way PWM control, USB output, interface output, emulation/debug interface, etc.
In addition, it is connected with the main control board to provide module power supply and wireless transmission capability expansion board, equipped with Bluetooth interface, PC/phone connection output, lithium battery interface, USB lithium battery charging, USB data output interface. Shen Zikai emphasized that the advantages of its aviation reference system calculation library include: update rate of more than 1KHz, zero drift of less than 15 degrees per hour, horizontal angle error of less than 1 degree, azimuth angle error of less than 1.5 degrees, support for simultaneous operation and support of two groups of sensors User-selected sensors, etc.
Figure 4 and the design design director of the master design, Chen Wei, said that when the system design and assembly, the flight simulation is generally carried out, but the software operation and implementation will still have errors.
In the whole unit with rich experience, He Shuo Technology's design and interactive design director Chen Hao (Figure 4) shows that in the system design and assembly, flight simulation is generally carried out, but the software operation and implementation will still have The error, so the actual flight conditions of the assembled drones must pass the test flight to get the most specific feedback. In addition, the body does not vibrate during the simulation, so how the vibration will affect the actual flight or even the sharpness of the shooting, and the choice of the lens module is a problem that needs attention and solution during the implementation phase. It is generally believed that the drone will not have the problem of heat dissipation during the flight, but the team's experience has found that the heat of the chip has even reached the point where the team considers the addition of a fan.
The development of aircraft has been for many years. Until the combination of multi-axis aircraft and communication, semiconductor and information technology in recent years, not only has the cost been reduced, but also the application level has been greatly expanded. Zhang Donglin (Fig. 5), co-founder of Arklab Multi-Rotor Workshop, said that it includes film and television. Broadcast, such as real-time news and sports events; spatial information such as aerial survey, environmental 3D modeling; environmental monitoring such as air pollution, water pollution, marine pollution, waste atmospheric monitoring; telecommunications telecommunications such as temporary operations base stations or low-altitude satellites; security security Such as border/coast patrols, anti-drug smuggling; disaster response such as disasters and disasters to help determine the situation; the basic industries such as agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry monitoring, drug administration, feeding, etc. are. In the Internet of Things era, aircraft can be further seen as a mobile IoT terminal.
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for their contributions in the development of lithium-ion batteries, a technology that has revolutionized our way of life. Here we look back at the milestone discoveries that have shaped the modern lithium-ion batteries for inspirational insights to guide future breakthroughs.The rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and are the technology of choice for electric vehicles. They also have a key role to play in enabling deeper penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources in power systems for a more sustainable future. A modern lithium-ion battery consists of two electrodes, typically lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathode and graphite (C6) anode, separated by a porous separator immersed in a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte using LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and at least one linear carbonate selected from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and many additives. During charging, Li-ions move from the LiCoO2 lattice structure to the anode side to form lithiated graphite (LiC6). During discharging, these ions move back to the CoO2 host framework, while electrons are released to the external circuit. It is this shuttling process or what is called rocking-chair chemistry that has revolutionized our modern life.
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