The so-called subwoofer is a subwoofer that is specially used for the amplification and broadcast of ultra-low frequency effects that are specially made in (movie) music. There are two types of subwoofers: active subwoofers and passive subwoofers: now our common subwoofers are active subwoofers, which are subwoofers with their own bass power amplifiers.
Tianyi SUB-12TD active subwoofer
HP HD-350 Active Subwoofer 
American JBL8400PCH active subwoofer
A typical active subwoofer circuit usually has a set of frequency high-pass filter circuits and a set of low-cut circuits designed to filter the input audio, and then cooperate with typical high-fidelity current, voltage amplification and final power amplifier circuits. To push at least a 10--15 inch large-caliber long-stroke woofer. Due to the close relationship between the low-frequency sound reproduction and the physical properties such as the volume of the cabinet and the anti-stationary wave measures, the quality subwoofer cabinet is not only bulky, but also very strong and full of weight! This is also one of the most basic criteria for judging the quality of a subwoofer. Welcome to the home theater network shopping guide network!
In terms of circuit, the domestic Tianyi SUB-12TD subwoofer is taken as an example: the subwoofer input part is designed with a series of high-pass and low-cut filters, which are divided into: low-noise constant current source with excellent performance and electronic voltage regulator. The differential voltage amplifying circuit, the first-stage current amplifying circuit, the high-efficiency high-current class A and B push-pull power amplifier circuit, and the like. The last stage of the power amplifier adds a current amplifier expansion circuit led by Q12/Q15 to promote Darlington power amplification. The push-pull circuit has a total of 4 15A/150W 2SC5200 /2SA1943 Toshiba high-power tube, with large aluminum The alloy exposed comb heatsink ensures that the circuit has a full power output of 350W at 4 ohms. I believe that such a large power reserve is enough to meet the stringent power requirements of an excellent subwoofer! While fully guaranteeing the excellent performance of the main power amplifier circuit, the circuit also designed a series of protection circuits such as overcurrent, overvoltage and overheating to ensure the reliability of the subwoofer during normal operation. Unpacking is visible: When selecting resistors and capacitors, all resistors are made of high quality five-color ring metal film resistors. In the main channel and power supply filtering part that may affect the sound quality, audio special capacitors with good sound quality and high reliability, and Japanese ruby ​​sound special electrolysis or MARCOM high-quality audio special electrolysis water with a capacity of up to 20,000 microfarads are selected. Tang; a 400VA giant transformer on the right is very eye-catching, providing ample power protection for the whole machine!
In addition, the author specially disassembled the speaker and saw that this ultra-large 12-inch woofer is indeed designed with a large super-natural double magnetic steel design, a high-elastic wide-edge rubber suspension and a long-stroke large-diameter voice coil. The design also lays a good physical foundation for the low-frequency playback of the thunder.
Now we have more than dozens of active subwoofers in the market. (Figure 3) Although the brands are different, the circuit and structure are basically the same, but the price of imported subwoofer and domestic subwoofer is very different. For example, a US JBL-L8400PCH 12-inch subwoofer, the market price is about 8,000 yuan, and the same quality domestic subwoofer SUB-12TD price is only 3980 yuan, and the gap between sound quality and technology can be almost ignored! For this reason, I will use the SUB-12TD subwoofer from Tianyi as the blueprint to introduce the wiring and adjustment methods of the subwoofer. I hope to help my friends:
one. Let's start by talking about the various terminals (switches) on the back panel of the subwoofer:
The VOLUME listed on the left side of the 1st row is the volume adjustment knob. Rotate clockwise, the subwoofer's total volume increases, and the volume decreases.
The knob FREQUENCY on the right is the frequency range adjustment knob. It is actually the high-pass filter circuit and the low-cut circuit in the subwoofer input circuit. It rotates clockwise in the end. The output of the amplifier is 30 Hz to 200 Hz, which is rotated counterclockwise to the end. A low frequency signal of 30 to 80 Hz is output. Adjusting this knob is also called adjusting the inflection point of the subwoofer.
What is the turning point? The so-called turning point is the turning point. The inflection point of the subwoofer is actually the low tangent point of the subwoofer's operating frequency range. Everyone knows that the subwoofer input has a frequency high-pass filter circuit and a low-cut circuit. The frequency within this range is the subwoofer's operating frequency. The range is generally 30Hz-200Hz. The Qualcomm frequency is the lowest frequency point that the designer sets according to the physical properties of the subwoofer's horn, box, etc., which cannot be adjusted. Generally speaking, the adjustment of the subwoofer frequency range (commonly known as the inflection point) is mainly to adjust the point at which the frequency is low. The frequency of the low cut point is adjusted higher, and the working frequency of the subwoofer is widened to enter the subwoofer. The IF component will be more, the sound performance will be "sound", but the intermediate frequency will make the sound of the subwoofer soft, turbid, fuzzy, no texture, lack of strength... and low frequency If the adjustment is too low, it will cause the low frequency connection between the subwoofer and the main speaker to be unnatural. The low frequency is low, the sound is hard, and the bass can't sink. The overall sound of the subwoofer will not come out, and there is no shocking feeling! Specific to our SUB-12TD, the general frequency inflection point is set to about 60-90Hz. In fact, you can choose to broadcast some low-frequency dishes, such as the low frequency of the "California Hotel" of the American Eagles. You can adjust the frequency inflection point to 60-90Hz first, then play the music repeatedly, slow. Slowly fine-tune the frequency inflection point until you think it sounds the most natural, the low-frequency texture, strength, etc. are the most satisfactory, this is the frequency inflection point you are looking for. Also, adjusting the FREQUENCY knob mainly depends on the compatibility of the low frequency of the subwoofer and the low frequency of the main speaker. If you choose improperly, it will make the bass of the subwoofer and the bass of the main speaker produce a discordant separation sound, which should attract everyone's attention.
The next button on the left side of the second row is the subwoofer's EQ (balance) adjustment switch:
When the EQ adjustment switch is in the NO position, a certain degree of frequency can be artificially raised to enhance the loudness of the frequency. When the EQ of the subwoofer is turned on, the frequency of the 50 Hz frequency can be artificially increased by about 6 dB to enhance the low frequency effect. . It does not increase when EQ is off.
The knob on the right side of the second row is the phase adjustment PHESE: the phase of the low-frequency signal output of the subwoofer must be consistent with the phase of the low-frequency output signal of the main speaker, so as to superimpose each other to harmoniously enhance the intensity and strength of the overall low frequency in the sound field. The phase of the two is inconsistent. The low frequency signal will conflict with each other at a certain frequency, which will cause the low frequency signal to deteriorate. On the contrary, it will not be worth the loss. Therefore, this knob plays an important role in the purity and naturalness of the low frequency. It needs careful adjustment: the method is: Repeat the rotation of the phase 0--180 degrees, listen carefully in the normal listening position, compare the knob at 0 or 180 position, the low frequency performance is more powerful, and more obvious enhancement, then the switch is placed in the lower frequency better position can. But sometimes there is almost no difference in low-frequency listening in the two states. This is mainly because the position of the subwoofer has not been adjusted. Change the position of the subwoofer in the room and adjust it. If you can't hear it, place the switch. Of course, if you change the main speaker and change the position of the main speaker or subwoofer more, you need to re-adjust the phase. This is very important.
The third row is the interface for inputting the bass signal. The left side is the professional level balanced input terminal, and the right side is the ordinary lotus terminal input port, which corresponds to the AV amplifier's subwoofer output terminal connection.
Below is the power indicator. When the subwoofer is in the power-on standby state, it is red. When it enters the working state, the indicator light turns blue. If there is no signal for 10 minutes, the subwoofer will automatically switch to the standby state again. The red light will be on. .
two. There are four typical wiring methods for the subwoofer: The first one: If the amplifier you selected does not have a built-in decoder, that is, you must rely on the decoder of the DVD player to decode the output ultra-low frequency signal, then you can use this ultra-low frequency signal from the ultra low frequency output of the DVD player. Direct input to the SUB input of the subwoofer is OK. This connection relies on the DVD's "Dolby/DTS" decoder, so the subwoofer will only sound when the source itself has recorded an ultra low frequency signal and outputs it; there is no sound output when playing a CD.
Second: If the amplifier you choose has a built-in decoder, your DVD player output is input to the amplifier using fiber optics, and depends on the amplifier's built-in “Dolby Digital/DTS†decoder to output ultra-low frequency signals. At this point, you can use a pair of audio signal lines to connect the overweight low-frequency signals (red and white) on the back of the amplifier to the line input LINE IN L\R (red and white) of the subwoofer. . This connection also relies on the “Dolby Digital/DTS†decoder in the amplifier, so the subwoofer will only sound when the source itself records the ultra low frequency signal and output, and there will be no bass when playing the CD. Output. Maybe a friend's amplifier's ultra-low frequency output has only one lotus terminal output, then you can connect it to the red end of the line input LINE IN of the subwoofer with a signal line.
Third: If you want to get a subwoofer while playing a CD, please connect a set of signals to the bass signal on the L (red) / R (white) terminals of the HI-FI amplifier input. The line input of the gun is LINE IN L\R (red end and white end), and the corresponding connection is OK, so that when the CD is released, the subwoofer also has a strong bass sound.
The fourth type: If you want the subwoofer to make a subwoofer sound whether you are watching a movie (with or without Dolby/DTS decoding) or listening to music on a CD, then I suggest you use the "high level input" method: Use the speaker cable to connect the high-level input of the subwoofer to the left and right channel output of the power amplifier or the input terminal of the main speaker. And make sure the left channel is connected to the L port, the right channel is connected to the R port, and the polarity is correct (+ to +, - to -) is OK!
three. Subwoofer debugging points:
First turn on your home theater system, set the home theater system to the correct working mode, ensure that the port connected to the subwoofer has a signal output, then turn on the power switch of the subwoofer and place the phase switch in the “0†position ( Factory setting), turn the volume knob and frequency adjustment knob to about one-third position.
Play a disc you like and you should be able to hear the bass played by the subwoofer.
You can also test your subwoofer with the test function of a DVD player, home theater amplifier, preamp or surround decoder. This feature inputs noise signals into the speakers of each channel of the home theater system, and this feature can be used to balance and calibrate the volume of each channel speaker (including subwoofer).
Note: The subwoofer only reacts to the bass signal it receives, and many times the signal does not contain bass (such as character dialogue, violin performance, quiet scenes, etc.).
After completing the system test, you can achieve the best listening effect by doing the following work. Listen carefully and compare the changes in sound (especially the bass) as you go through each step.
To play a music or song with a low frequency and a strong sense of rhythm, do the following:
1. Position adjustment: use a longer speaker cable to input signals from the high-level input, place the subwoofer in the normal listening position (such as the emperor's position), and adjust the volume to about one-third. Then walk around the room. If the bass heard somewhere is significantly stronger, the subwoofer should be placed in this position. Usually there is more than one place like this, please choose a place that is convenient for wiring and use. Welcome to the home theater network shopping guide network!
2. Volume adjustment: Adjust the volume so that the sound of the subwoofer and the sound of the main speaker are well combined. Subwoofers are designed to compensate for the lack of bass in your existing home theater system, not to suppress their performance. The sound of the subwoofer should be integrated with the sound output from the entire system.
3. Phase adjustment:
a. Repeat the toggle switch to listen carefully at the normal listening position. The comparison switch at the 0 or 180 position is more powerful and more powerful.
b. Place the switch at a position where the low frequency is better;
c. Sometimes there is almost no difference in low-frequency listening in both states, then the switch is placed at the 0 position;
d. If you change the main speaker and change the position of the main speaker or subwoofer more, you need to re-adjust the phase.
4. Frequency adjustment: Repeat the rotation of the frequency range adjustment knob. When the bass of the whole system sounds smooth and seamless, the frequency of the subwoofer is adjusted.
5. Adjust again:
Because there is a relationship between the position of the subwoofer, the phase of the sound, and the frequency, adjusting one of them may affect the other two, so repeat steps 3 and 4.
After completing all the above steps, the effect of your entire home theater has been adjusted to the best.
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