CISC and RISC:
RISC (reduced instruction set computer) is a microprocessor that executes fewer types of computer instructions. In this way, it can perform operations at a faster speed. Because the computer needs additional transistors and circuit elements to execute each instruction type, the larger the computer instruction set, the more complex the microprocessor and the slower the execution.
John Cocke of the IBM Research Center in Yorktown, New York proved that about 20% of the instructions in the computer take on 80% of the work. He proposed the concept of RISC in 1974.
CISC (complex instrucTIon set computer, complex instruction set computer) In addition to RISC, any full instruction set computer uses complex instruction set computing (CISC).
Currently commonly used RISC processors include DEC Alpha, ARC, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC and SuperH.
The processors that commonly use CISC are mainly X86.
(1) Instruction system: RISC designers focus on the frequently used instructions and try to make them simple and efficient. For functions that are not commonly used, they are often completed by combining instructions. Therefore, when implementing special functions on a RISC machine, the efficiency may be low. But it can be improved and compensated by using pipelining technology and superscalar technology. The instruction system of CISC computer is relatively rich, and there are special instructions to complete specific functions. Therefore, it is more efficient to handle special tasks.
(2) Memory operation: RISC has restrictions on memory operation, which simplifies control; while CISC machines have many memory operation instructions and direct operation.
(3) Programs: RISC assembly language programs generally require a large memory space, and are complex and difficult to design when implementing special functions; while CISC assembly language program programming is relatively simple, and scientific calculation and complex operation programming are relatively easy and efficient. .
(4) Interrupts: RISC machines can respond to interrupts at the appropriate place where an instruction is executed; CISC machines respond to interrupts after an instruction is executed.
(5) CPU chip circuit: RISC CPU contains fewer unit circuits, so it has a small area and low power consumption; while CISC CPU contains a wealth of circuit units, so it has strong functions, large area, and high power consumption.
(6) Design cycle: RISC microprocessor has a simple structure, compact layout, short design cycle, and easy to adopt the latest technology; CISC microprocessor has a complex structure and a long design cycle.
(7) User use: RISC microprocessor has simple structure, regular instructions, easy to grasp performance, easy to learn and easy to use; CISC microprocessor has complex structure, powerful functions, and easy to realize special functions.
(8) Application range: As the determination of the RISC instruction system is related to a specific application field, RISC machines are more suitable for special machines; CISC machines are more suitable for general machines.
Euroblock, short for "European-style terminal block"; is a combination of a low-voltage disconnect (or pluggable) connector and terminal block commonly used for microphones and line-level audio signals , and for control signals such as RS-232 or RS-485. It is also known as the Phoenix connector and comes from a German Phoenix Electric Company, which was established in 1981 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Also known as "Plug-in Terminal Blocks" or "Two-Piece Terminal Blocks".
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