The maintenance and repair of the equipment is to prevent and delay the technical activities of the deterioration of the technical state of the equipment or the restoration of its functions due to the deterioration of the technical state, including various planned maintenance and repair and unplanned failure and accident repair.
1 Overview of domestic machinery and equipment maintenance and repair system
The maintenance and repair of the equipment is to prevent and delay the technical activities of the deterioration of the technical state of the equipment or the restoration of its functions due to the deterioration of the technical state, including various planned maintenance and repair and unplanned failure and accident repair. The basic contents of equipment maintenance include: (1) equipment maintenance, that is, routine maintenance work such as cleaning, inspection, lubrication, fastening and adjustment to prevent equipment performance degradation and maintain equipment performance; (2) equipment inspection, ie Necessary inspections and measurements to determine the degree of equipment degradation or performance degradation; (3) Equipment repairs, ie repair activities to repair deterioration, restore equipment performance, etc.
The task of equipment maintenance work is: according to the operation and use rules of the equipment, regular equipment maintenance, so as to extend the normal use period of the parts; carry out the necessary inspection of the equipment, and measure the functional parameters and vulnerable parts, Keep abreast of the equipment so that it can be repaired in the appropriate way before the part has a problem. The focus of equipment maintenance management is prevention. That is, various measures are taken to maintain the performance of the equipment, delay the aging of equipment, prevent accidents, and realize the transformation of equipment maintenance management from repair to maintenance.
2 Basic content of equipment maintenance work
2.1 Equipment Maintenance
Equipment maintenance refers to the technical activities of maintaining and protecting the performance and technical status of the equipment by wiping the cleaning, lubrication, adjustment and other general methods. The maintenance of the equipment is to keep the equipment clean, well lubricated and safe. Its contents include tightening loose fasteners in time, adjusting the clearance and position of the moving parts and maintaining the original technical state of the equipment. Cleaning, lubrication, fastening, and adjustment are the basic contents of equipment maintenance. Practice has proved that the life of equipment depends to a large extent on the quality of maintenance. Equipment maintenance generally includes routine maintenance and regular inspections.
2.1.1 Daily maintenance of the equipment
The daily maintenance of the equipment is also called routine maintenance, including daily maintenance and weekly maintenance, also known as daily maintenance and weekly maintenance.
2.1.2 Equipment inspection
Equipment inspection is a planned preventive inspection. In addition to the human senses, the inspection methods also require relevant inspection tools and instruments. Equipment inspections should be carried out according to the inspection plan. Equipment inspection includes measurement and verification of equipment operation, work accuracy, functional characteristics, wear or corrosion. By thoroughly reviewing the technical condition and wear and tear of the equipment, identifying and eliminating hidden dangers, and purposefully preparing for repairs to improve repair quality and shorten repair time. Equipment inspection is divided into daily inspection and regular inspection.
2.2 Equipment repair
Equipment repair refers to repairing equipment damage and deterioration of precision caused by daily or abnormal reasons. By repairing and replacing worn, aging, and corroded parts, equipment performance can be restored. Maintenance and repair of equipment is a different aspect of equipment maintenance. Because the difference between work content and function can not be replaced, they should be separately prepared to cooperate with each other and complement each other. Commonly used equipment repair methods are: mandatory repair method; regular repair method; post-inspection repair method.
3 Stage mechanical equipment maintenance features
The purpose of maintenance of stage machinery and equipment is to ensure reliable and continuous safe operation of the entire equipment system (including on-stage equipment and under-counter equipment), extend the service life and repair cycle of the equipment, and reduce the operating cost of the theater. The operation of mechanical equipment in other industries is usually carried out in a single machine. Each process only runs one piece of equipment; the operation of the equipment is often continuous or repeated, and the equipment must work continuously or repeat a certain operation in one shift; in order to maintain productivity The operating rate and utilization rate of the equipment are relatively high.
Unlike other industries, stage machinery uses multiple devices every day. Most of these devices are sequential, and each movement is extremely short (mostly in tens of seconds and no more than 5 minutes); there are many types and quantities of stage machinery. However, there are not many devices that are put into use every time; due to the characteristics of the performance, the number of devices used in each performance is limited, and the number of actions using the devices is small; in most performances, the devices used in the show have been moved in place or between the scenes. Actions, a small number of devices act during the performance, that is, participate in the performance; due to the arrangement of the performance, the busiest theater is only considered for 330 games per day, two times a day. That is to say, the use of the device is not balanced and the usage rate of the device is low.
In response to these characteristics, the following recommendations are made for the maintenance of stage machinery:
(1) The theater not only needs to carry out routine maintenance of the equipment according to the maintenance manual provided by the stage machinery and equipment manufacturers, but also determines the daily maintenance equipment inspection, weekly maintenance equipment inspection plan (inspection equipment and inspection items, etc.), and determines the comprehensiveness of the equipment system. The periodic inspection plan of the inspection shall be adjusted as necessary according to the results of equipment function and equipment accuracy inspection, and the relevant parts shall be repaired or replaced.
(2) Among the objects of daily maintenance (also called daily inspection), firstly, the equipment used for the day (including installation, rehearsal or performance), and secondly, a certain number of other scheduled rotation equipments are arranged for a certain period of time (such as two Week or three weeks) Rotate all equipment once and for all. All equipment used on the day shall be routinely inspected (ie cleaned, lubricated and fastened), except for equipment that has been adjusted and does not move during the performance (eg lighting boom, curtain boom, side curtain boom, etc.) In addition to maintaining the status quo, all sports equipment must be run as required during the performance of the show.
(3) For theaters with fire curtains, fire curtains should be listed as key equipment for daily maintenance. The reliability of the manual emergency release mechanism should be checked every day. The fire curtain should be placed after the performance every day.
(4) Carry out equipment inspection according to plan during daily maintenance and weekly maintenance. The inspection items are mainly for safety measures such as travel switch, over-travel switch, loose rope protection switch, anti-shear switch, overload protection circuit, interlock switch, interlock circuit Etc.; also need to run the operation accuracy check, check the parking accuracy, synchronization accuracy and so on. Among them, the equipment used on the day must be checked on the same day. Appropriate adjustments should be made as necessary, but all adjustments should be in accordance with the original design requirements or within the scope of the original design.
(5) The annual inspection and maintenance is a comprehensive maintenance. The equipment should be thoroughly inspected according to the regulations. According to the data and data accumulated by the equipment inspection work, the key points of equipment adjustment and maintenance should be determined. The main contents of the adjustment include the consistency of the original position of the equipment (such as the zero position of the boom and the lifting platform), the consistency between the actual value and the set value (the meter display value), the position of the normal travel switch, and the safety protection switch action. Reliability, motion accuracy (such as parking accuracy, synchronization accuracy, etc.), motion performance of the equipment group, various operations of the equipment, and engineering management functions.
(6) On the basis of accumulating experience and data, it is necessary to gradually promote preventive maintenance, that is, to implement regular mandatory replacement of certain key components related to safety, such as wire ropes, reducers, relays, and switches.
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