The core tip of the electronic enthusiast network : The market development of medical endoscopes brings various challenges, for example, requiring enhanced functions, higher accuracy, better processing performance, and smaller size. This article introduces Altera's advanced medical endoscopy system solution, which uses 1080p video design workbench, DSP building blocks, reference designs, StraTIx® V, Cyclone® V and Arria® V FPGAs. Through the introduction below, senior experts will recruit you to teach you how to shorten the development time of advanced medical endoscopy system by adopting FPGA-based methods.
introduction
The demand for endoscopy continues to grow, and at the same time it is necessary to continuously improve the inspection process and enhance the functions of medical equipment. Global competition is intensifying, resulting in the emergence of various new functions, new markets are changing very fast, and the development cycle is getting shorter and shorter. The engineering team must focus on improving core competitiveness and strengthening system knowledge. Engineers need flexible hardware platforms and workbench tools that support various platforms so that they can update their products in response to new standards or changes in standards. In addition, the design team must conduct development work more efficiently. The Altera® 1080p video design workbench and 28-nm FPGA provide a flexible system approach to meet current and evolving functional requirements.
Growing global demand
Many factors have led to an increasing demand for endoscopy. In the next few decades, the number of people over the age of 60 in the world will increase significantly, and the demand for medical and health services will also increase. Moreover, the mouth of patients suffering from gastrointestinal tracts is constantly increasing, requiring examination and treatment. More and more doctors use endoscopy. Many government reimbursement policies encourage non-implantation treatment, which is conducive to faster recovery of patients, thereby reducing the total cost of treatment, and the patient's experience will be better.
Many countries have increased their investment in medical infrastructure, especially the purchase of medical equipment. In turn, these new market demands have expanded the demand for next-generation endoscope systems. The design team experienced growing demand, and global competition led them to postpone their product launch plans.
Equipment development trend
Endoscope systems require more and more functions. Many endoscope platforms are high-definition (HD) systems. However, with the deepening of technological innovation, surgeons continue to demand a clearer platform. Resolution has a strong dependence on the image sensor; and the processing engine and interpolation method are very important to determine the effective resolution. Future platforms will require higher resolutions, for example, 4K x 2K.
Platform differentiation is also reflected in the operation of multiple data streams. The system requires picture-in-picture, side-by-side view or video playback of multi-channel camera input, and multi-channel image view (playing four or more images simultaneously). The user-friendly GUI should support switching from one mode to another. In the operating room, the endoscopic system will include multiple surgical-grade monitors for viewing by surgeons and nurses. In these environments, archived images or fluoroscopic images are displayed alongside the input endoscopic video. Video router and monitor video transmission must support various interface standards, such as SDI and HDMI, as well as emerging standards such as DisplayPort, CameraLink, and GigE Vision. The device platform will support multiple standards, including existing and future, as well as revised and updated or more advanced algorithms.
Other enhancements include increasing brightness, focus, optical zoom capabilities, and better high-definition digital zoom. To support more efficient equipment and operating room applications, the equipment should have a shorter set-up time (for example, faster white balance). Other innovative areas include lens fogging solutions.
Finally, as with other medical devices, it is also necessary to further reduce the overall size. A higher degree of integration can achieve a smaller portable vehicle system, and a smaller tower system makes it easier to complete the clean-up after inspection.
skills requirement
Many endoscope system devices tend to further improve processing performance, thereby supporting more advanced image algorithms. With the advancement of image sensor technology, higher resolution data streams can be collected for pre-processing and post-processing. The system needs to process a large amount of image data from the camera and implement increasingly complex processing functions in the processing engine.
Designers need to implement these functions in high-performance processing devices, such as FPGAs, to achieve flexible performance on multiple platforms. As each generation of devices can integrate more processing resources (for example, logic unit (LE), floating point digital signal processing (DSP) resources, die memory, and faster I / O support, etc.), FPGAs will Become the technology of choice for technology nodes. In addition, the inherent structure of FPGA enables it to perform parallel processing, which is the advantage of image algorithm.
Flexible programmable FPGA is a good auxiliary device for image sensor integrated circuits, because such devices can perform nonlinear processing. Moreover, FPGAs have high-performance I / O functions and support interface standards such as SDI, DVI, SAS / SATA, and USB.
Antenk DVI Series Digital Video Interface connectors are the standard digital interface for flat panels, video graphics cards, monitors and HDTV units. This series includes DVI-D (Digital), DVI-A (Analog) and DVI-I (Integrated Digital/Audio). Their unique crossing ground blades provide high speed performance at low cost. They are available in Straight or Right Angle PCB mount receptacles and mating male cable connectors. They support a data transfer rate of 4.95Gbps with a dielectric withstanding voltage of 500VAC. Each version features our specially designed contacts which improve signal performance and a zinc alloy shield that reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Digital Visual Interface Cable Connectors
DVI ConnectorWith the advent of technologies such as DVD players, high-definition televisions, and even digital cable, the need for more advanced cables and connectors has increased. Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is one response to the growing need for interconnected systems, enabling digital systems to be connected to an array of displays. Yet DVI cables and connectors can also be complicated, and may lead to confusion between High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and DVI. Although the two systems have much in common, they service different niches of digital technology.
Digital Visual Interface
Older systems aren`t necessarily outdated systems. Although DVI preceded HDMI, it`s still widely used in both business and domestic settings. DVI connectors are designed to handle digital data transmission, incorporating three transmission channels in every connector link. The maximum bandwidth for data transfer is 165 megahertz, which is enough to relay up to 165 million pixels per second. Data is encoded for effective transfer, but a single link can handle around 4.95 gigabits per second of information. Double links can handle twice that amount.
Because a DVI cable carries information over a 165 megahertz bandwidth, complete digital resolution can be obtained. Using double link connectors increases the speed of transmission, but requires another cable. However, not many devices depend solely on a double link DVI, so this technolgy can be used on an as-desired basis.
Types of DVI Connectors
There are three general categories of DVI cable connectors: DVI-Digital (DVI-D), DVI-Integrated (DVI-I), and DVI-Analog (DVI-A). However, most connectors fall into one of the first two groups.
A standard Dvi Connector is 37 mm wide and has 24 pins, 12 of which are used for a single link connection. When analog is involved, four additional pins are needed to support the additional lines of an analog signal. It is not possible to cross from a digital source to an analog display or vice versa. In those instances, an integrated connector is probably the best option. There are five common types of DVI connectors.
DVI-I Single Link
This kind of connector has three rows, each with six pins. There are two contacts. Because the connector is integrated, it can be used with both analog and digital applications.
DVI-I Dual Link
A DVI-I dual link connector can also be used with both digital and analog applications, but is configured with more pins to accommodate a dual connection. There are three rows with eight pins each, as well as two contacts.
DVI-D Single Link
Specifically designed for digital applications, a DVI-D single link connector has three rows of six pins, and looks much like a DVI-I single link connector. However, a DVI-D connector has no contacts.
DVI-D Dual Link
Also made specifically for digital applications, a DVI-D dual link features more pins (three rows of eight) for dual connections. Like a DVI-D single link, a DVI-D dual link connector has no contacts.
DVI-A
This particular type of connector can only be used for analog applications, and has three rows of pins. One row has five pins, one has four pins, and the last row has three pins. Like single link connectors, a DVI-A link connector has two contacts.
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