Server monitoring technology and advantages and disadvantages analysis

<p> With the rapid popularization of IT in all walks of life in China, the number of computer rooms as an important symbol of informationization is increasing. Traditional IT households such as banks and telecommunications operators needless to say that they are ordinary large and medium-sized enterprises, governments, colleges and universities. The investment in the construction of computer rooms by large hospitals is also increasing day by day, and the scale of computer rooms is increasing. As the protagonist of the computer room, the number of various servers is increasing rapidly. How to effectively manage so many servers becomes a difficult problem in front of the enterprise IT department. An important part in the management of these servers is how to monitor their running status and performance in real time. It is obviously neither scientific nor realistic to monitor so many servers. In view of this situation, there are various server monitoring software that assists the operation and maintenance of IT departments. The technologies used in these software are generally the following, I will analyze their advantages and disadvantages one by one below:

SNMP agent

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), as an internationally-used network management protocol, is widely used in the management of various switches, routers and other network devices, and now it is more and more used in the monitoring of servers. The advantage of monitoring the server through SNMP is that it is more general server. Once the SNMP Agent is deployed, any software that can implement the SNMP protocol can monitor it, and monitoring by this method does not require the user name and password of the monitored server. So it's safer. The disadvantage is that many servers do not install SNMP Agent by default. If you want to monitor in this way, you need to install and deploy all servers. In addition, the parameter indicators that can be monitored are relatively fixed and not deep enough, such as users with special needs are not satisfied (most users do not have the ability to perform secondary development on it) Also, because the SNMP protocol is implemented through UDP, its reliability is difficult to guarantee under poor network conditions.

WMI method

WMI (Windows Management InstrumentaTIon) is a monitoring and management method for Windows operating system provided by Microsoft. This method is indeed very powerful for monitoring Windows servers, through which you can basically get any information of the server and do not need to install additional software. But its shortcomings are equally obvious: first, it is only effective for the Windows operating system, but it is powerless for various versions of Linux that have an increasing share of the server market, let alone other Unix; secondly, the WMI method requires Knowing the user name and password of the monitored machine is unacceptable to many users because it means a potential risk; and its remote communication is achieved through the Windows RPC mechanism, which itself is affected by many viruses Utilization, so in many user environments, the 135 port occupied by RPC has long been the object of key marking, and general users will ban it directly on the firewall or router, which means that it is difficult to make it work in the actual environment; In addition, the powerful remote control of WMI itself makes many users very worried.

TELNET, SSH

The principles of the two methods are the same, and the software logs in to the server through the corresponding client protocol to execute commands, and then analyzes the results to achieve monitoring. Its advantage is that the general server will have the corresponding server software installed by default, so it is more convenient to monitor and does not need to install additional software, but it needs to know the corresponding user name and password of the server like the WMI method, which is also a lot Unacceptable to users, not to mention the fact that the user names and passwords of many servers in the actual environment will often change due to security reasons, which brings great trouble to the work of the monitoring software, especially when the number of monitored servers is large. The password will be very inconvenient, and the parameters that it can monitor are also limited by permissions and commands. Many monitoring indicators that customers care about may not be obtained. In addition, its unlimited remote control capabilities also make users uneasy.

Install private agent

This method refers to a monitoring method implemented by installing lightweight agent software on the monitored machine. Its advantage is that the monitoring indicators are deeply and carefully targeted. Compared with the SNMP method, it can meet almost any monitoring needs of customers. , And because it does not need to know the user name and password of the monitored server, so the security is also very good. Most private agents use private protocols and implement them in TCP, and their reliability is also guaranteed. The disadvantage is that the deployment is relatively cumbersome, and the agent software needs to be installed one machine at a time. However, once the installation is completed, if new monitoring functions are developed later, the agent software can generally be automatically upgraded from the server side, which largely compensates for the deployment. Inconvenience

In summary, each monitoring method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it needs to be used according to the actual situation in the actual environment. However, from the perspective of the major development trends, it should be mainly based on SNMP and private agents.

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