The control and adjustment of pH has become an indispensable variable for process control. The measurement of pH is widely used in chemical processes and biotechnology. Commonly: citric acid production, fuel synthesis production; production of monoclonal antibodies, penicillin production.
The working principle of the pH acidity meter is to measure the pH of the instrument solution by the potentiometric method. The pH is usually expressed by the hydrogen ion concentration. Since the absolute value of the hydrogen ion concentration is small, the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is taken as the bottom of the 10th. The negative logarithm is defined as pH pH = -lg[H+], and the pH of pure water at 22 is 7.
Putting the metal in the solution, some metal atoms will become ions into the solution, causing the metal surface to lose ions and negatively charged, and the solution is positively charged. Due to the attraction of the opposite sex, the metal ions are not evenly distributed in the solution, but are concentrated in Near the metal surface, the formation of a two-electrode layer creates a potential difference between the metal and the solution called the electrode potential.
The absolute potential of any type of electrode cannot be directly determined by the test. It is determined by measuring the relative potential difference between the two electrodes. This device consisting of two electrodes and a solution is called a primary battery. The copper rod and the zinc rod are respectively inserted into the copper sulfate solution and the zinc sulfate solution, and the two kinds of solutions are separated by a film. The effect of the film is to allow only the ions to pass through, and the molecules are not allowed to pass. In this case, if the two electrodes are used with the wires and When the ammeter is connected, a current flows through the wire, and one of the potentials is fixed, and the other electrode potential can be obtained.
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