With the continuous advancement of urbanization in China, the construction of residential quarters is rapid, and the quality of residential street lighting directly affects the convenience and safety of people traveling at night. In order to improve the quality of lighting, it will inevitably increase power consumption. This design takes the single-chip microcomputer as the core controller, uses the clock chip data to control the brightness of the street lamp in different seasons and time periods, and detects the external brightness and the surrounding personnel's activity through various sensors, and changes the lighting state of the street lamp in real time, so that Under the premise of ensuring the quality of lighting, the useless community lighting is reduced, thereby greatly saving the street lighting power consumption of the community.
Overall design of this street lamp energy-saving controller with the single-chip microcomputer as the core, to achieve timely grading lighting, daylight dim weather automatically turn on the lights, late night low-light lighting, late night someone automatically lights up and other functions. Its overall structure is as shown.
The overall design of the overall design is composed of eight parts. The main controller receives the detection signals by reading the clock information, determines the status of the street light, and issues a control signal. The standard clock can provide information on the year, month, day, hour, minute and second at any time. The main controller can judge the season according to the year and month, determine the switch light time, and determine the street light illumination status according to time, minute and second. During the daytime, the street light is off, and the brightness detection module works intermittently. When it encounters extreme weather, the outdoor light is dim, and the main controller receives the information of insufficient illumination. Chang Guangzhi (1973-), male, Huixian, Henan, lecturer, engaged Electronic instrumentation and measurement research. Will control the lighting of the street lights. The main light of the night street light will be turned off to save energy. At this time, the infrared detection and sound detection are turned on. When someone approaches or has a loud sound, the interrupt of the single chip is activated, so that the main light is turned on for the passerby lighting, and the person leaves. After a while, the main light goes out. The system has four lighting states. The status indicator module drives the LED lights to display the current working status of the street lights in real time. The power module supplies the required stable voltage to the control part through the voltage stabilizing circuit, and at the same time, the appropriate voltage is provided by the illumination driving main and the auxiliary lighting group. The illumination driving module can respectively control the brightness of the high-brightness main illumination lamp and the low-brightness auxiliary illumination lamp according to the control signal sent by the main controller.
Each part of the selection master controller: using AT89S52, it is a low-power, high-performance 8-bit microprocessor with 8K programmable Flash memory. It belongs to the 51 series MCU and is widely used in many embedded control systems. It has stable performance, sufficient supply and high cost performance.
Clock chip: The SD2200 series is selected, which integrates real-time clock circuit and power management circuit. In particular, a disposable battery is also integrated, and the clock can last for about 10 years in the event of an external power failure. The internal high-precision crystal oscillator can guarantee a one-year error of less than 2.5min. It uses serial data communication, which only needs two wires to connect with the CPU to exchange data, and the interface is simple.
Infrared sensor: Pyroelectric infrared sensor plus Fresnel lens structure is adopted, which detects the temperature difference between the target and the environment. When someone is in the detection area, the sensor senses a change in thermal radiation and outputs an electrical signal. The sensor is sensitive to infrared rays of about 10 m emitted by the human body, and the detection distance can reach more than 10 m. It is an ideal human motion detector.
Others: The sound detector uses an electret microphone, and the brightness detector uses a photoresistor. The signals generated by the amplifier are transmitted to the microcontroller through an operational amplifier. The driving circuit uses electromagnetic relay to control the lighting of the street lamp. This structure has stable and reliable performance and strong driving capability, and is suitable for various lamps. The status display directly uses the LED indicator to reflect the current lighting status in real time.
System software design 3.1 System working state Mechanical management development The street lamps in this design are divided into two main and auxiliary lighting units. Under the action of energy-saving controllers, they work in four states: shutdown, normal lighting, energy saving and temporary lighting. Their conversion relationship is as shown.
During the day, the street light is off. When the clock enters the nighttime or encounters dim weather, the street light is fully turned on. After the weather is fine, the street lights are automatically turned off. Late at night, the community staff is scarce, the main lighting of the street lights is turned off, and the energy-saving state is entered. During this period, if someone approaches the street light, the main light will turn on and enter the temporary lighting state. After the personnel left for 1 minute, they returned to the energy-saving state. On the eve of dawn, the street lights returned from normal state of energy to normal lighting, lighting up the early risers. In the morning, the sun rises and the street lights turn off.
3.2 Program Design System The main program simple flow is as shown. After the microcontroller is powered on, it is initialized to the off state. Then, the clock information is read, and the values ​​of the four time points of night, late night, pre-dawn, and morning are determined according to the month information of the clock. According to the time, minute and second information of the clock, it is judged whether it is nighttime or not. If it is nighttime, it is determined whether it is late at night, and finally determines the illumination state. If it is late at night, turn on the power-saving state, turn on the external interrupt, and prepare to respond to the interruption caused by the infrared and sound detection signals. If the clock is during the day, check the ambient brightness, determine whether it is dark weather, and determine the switch status of the street light. Finally, the status light of the current street lamp is displayed in real time through the status indicator.
In the late night energy-saving state, only the auxiliary light is turned on, and the street light is dark. At this time, if someone is within 10m, the infrared detector will respond, triggering an infrared interrupt, and the interrupt response subroutine flow is as shown. Turn on the main light after interrupting the response. When the pedestrian leaves, the main light goes out after a delay of 1 minute. If there is a continuous loud sound in the middle of the night, the sound will be interrupted. The response subroutine is similar to the infrared interrupt. Only the auxiliary light flashing function is added to indicate the alarm.
Conclusion The street lamp energy-saving controller in this design mainly controls two sets of lamps on a single pole. It is low in cost and practical and convenient. It effectively solves the problem of time-lapse lighting and late-night lighting. It is energy-saving. A good way to increase efficiency.
On this basis, further improvement of the brightness control and luminescence detection of the luminaire is a major problem to be solved. In addition, in the residential community, the realization of street lighting network monitoring Zhang Zhiliang. The principle and control technology of single chip microcomputer. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Publishing Wang Changtao. Sensor principle and application. Beijing: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2012. Hu Qiming, Cheng Gang. 51 single-chip application development from entry to mastery. Beijing: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2012. (Editor: Wang Honglin)
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