At present, the country is paying high subsidies for electric vehicles because the manufacturing cost of electric vehicles is too high. The main reason for the high cost of electric vehicles is that the cost of lithium batteries is too high, and the cost exceeds one-third of the total. However, the reason for the high cost of lithium batteries is also closely related to the chemical materials involved.
First, the cathode material
The positive electrode materials of lithium batteries mainly include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, nickel manganese cobalt ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate. Among them, lithium iron phosphate is regarded as an ideal cathode material because of its potential advantages in cycle life, safety and material cost, which are not available in other materials. At present, the main problem is that the main raw material electronic grade lithium carbonate (lithium carbonate content above 99.5%) is mostly imported, and the second is that lithium iron phosphate production technology is also from abroad.
It is understood that the electronic lithium carbonate can be extracted from lithium ore or salt lake to extract lithium carbonate. China's lithium resources rank second in the world, but due to technical problems, the domestic ore extraction of lithium carbonate and re-purification to the production of electronic lithium carbonate is very low. There are no products available for the extraction of electronic grade lithium carbonate from Salt Lake. Therefore, only a large number of electronic grade lithium carbonate can be imported from abroad. Because of the large volume of imports, domestic companies have basically no pricing power, and foreign manufacturers have the final say.
Technically, China's lithium iron phosphate development has been basically synchronized with the international, but the country has not yet produced a true leading enterprise, the industry lacks original innovative technology. At present, there are three leading companies in the lithium iron phosphate battery industry in the world, namely the American company A123 and Valence, and the Canadian company Phostech. Lithium iron phosphate technology is regarded as a strategic technology abroad, and the US, Canada and other governments are willing to participate in the establishment of technical barriers with the strength of the state.
In the field of lithium iron phosphate materials, there are two core technology patents, one of which is coated carbon technology and the other is carbothermal reduction technology. The former has exclusive use rights by the Canadian company, and has applied for patents in China. The patent of the latter is owned by Gaobo Company of the United States. Currently, it has not yet applied for a patent in China. However, the company has established two companies in Suzhou, which are responsible for the production of lithium iron phosphate materials and battery manufacturing. The core patents for lithium iron phosphate batteries are controlled by several foreign companies. The transfer of patents from foreign companies to Chinese companies will face high patent licensing fees, posing a huge potential threat to the industry.
In order to get rid of the low-end and passive position in the industrial chain, we must work from three aspects: First, accelerate the domestic patent application for lithium iron phosphate through technology research and development. Second, the core patents surrounding foreign companies are laid out on the periphery. The third is to strengthen research on battery structure design and battery combination control.
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