Basic situation of the industry
Affected by the continuous increase in the installed capacity of wind power and the cumulative installed capacity of offshore wind power, the overall demand for wind power converter products continues to grow.
At present, domestic 1.5MW and 2.0MW wind power converters have been mass-produced and become the mainstream in the market; 2.5MW, 3.0MW and above power products are in the stage of small-volume production and application, which can meet the needs of some domestic wind power complete sets.
In the future, with the large-scale development of offshore wind power and the gradual improvement of the technical level of domestic manufacturers and the continuous accumulation of experience, the market share of domestic manufacturers of 2.5MW, 3.0MW and higher power converters is expected to increase.
Industry-specific business model
The wind energy converter industry has strong professionalism, and the industry follows an order-based production and business model. The wind turbine complete machine factory usually selects the converter supplier by bidding method, the converter manufacturer participates in the bidding, and determines the winning bidder according to the bid evaluation situation. The purchase agreement is generally order-based. The whole machine manufacturer generally selects the products of 2-3 companies, and after the determination, it will not be easily replaced and increased.
In the specific implementation, the converter manufacturer configures and designs according to the user's order, produces the products that meet the customer's requirements, and signs the technical agreement and business contract for the special technical requirements of the specific project. The products need to be installed, commissioned and after-sales service after leaving the factory. Sales revenue is obtained after delivery or after passing the user's acceptance. At the same time, the converter generally has a certain warranty period, the sales cycle and collection cycle of the entire industry is relatively long, and the demand for liquidity is large.
The development of the wind power industry is mainly affected by various factors such as national policies, wind energy resources, wind power costs, and power grid construction, but it is less affected by economic cycle fluctuations. At the same time, as a national strategic emerging industry, the new energy power generation industry has always been actively encouraged and widely valued by the competent authorities. The government regulation is conducive to the long-term healthy and orderly growth of the industry, reducing the unfavorable situation of overcapacity and disorderly competition. Based on the huge demand for clean energy, the new energy power generation industry has broad prospects and will maintain a stable growth trend for a long time, which also determines the relatively stable cycle of the wind power converter industry.
For a long time, the construction of wind power generation facilities has been concentrated in areas with abundant wind energy resources, such as the “Three North†area in China. China's demand for wind power converters is currently mainly concentrated in the above regions. With the development of offshore wind power projects, the demand for coastal wind resource-rich areas will gradually increase.
Due to climatic reasons, the bidding and construction of wind farms in China are seasonal, which also causes the production cycle and delivery time of wind power converters to have a high consistency with the construction of wind farms. Streamer shipments have a strong seasonality, and shipments in the second half of the year are usually more than in the first half.
Industry competition pattern and marketization degree
Before 2005, due to factors such as lack of technology and capital, there were only a few wind power equipment manufacturers in China, and most of them were small in scale and relatively backward in technology. The competitiveness of enterprises was far lower than that of foreign manufacturers, and wind power equipment needed for domestic wind power installations. Mainly rely on imports, of which wind power converters are mainly from ABB, Siemens, Emerson and other manufacturers. With the introduction of the Renewable Energy Law and related supporting policies, the import substitution and localization rate of wind power converters have significantly improved. Domestic products have gradually dominated the onshore wind power market, and the market share of imported products has rapidly declined. Some foreign-funded enterprises have even faded from market competition.
However, in terms of offshore wind power, since the average power of wind turbines is higher than that of onshore wind turbines, and the operating environment of offshore wind turbines is quite different from that on land, domestic converter manufacturers have not accumulated enough relevant experience as a whole. Therefore, offshore wind power converters mainly use products from major international electric companies such as ABB, Siemens and GE.
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