Lament how the wireless network NASA transmits data in space
I do n’t remember what happened when the United States launched the first artificial earth satellite in 1957, but I still remember that Explorer 1 was put into orbit the following year. When I was young, I did not understand its importance. But today, I realized it. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has achieved what most people think is impossible.
There are too many examples in this regard. NASA recently celebrated the Apollo 11 moon landing operation. Forty years later, this feat is still considered unusual: three astronauts and their spacecraft set off from Earth, landed on the moon 384,403 kilometers away, and finally returned to Earth.
Two satellites
Reproduce the lunar survey orbiter (NASA)
Once again, NASA focused on the moon. On June 18, 2009, two satellites, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Lunar Crater Observation and Induction Satellite (LCROSS probe), began their journey to the moon.
The LCROSS detector performs a one-way task. NASA hopes to use the probe to hit the moon's surface to create a large crater. Scientists will use spectrometer analysis to determine whether there is water on the moon's surface.
LRO's plan is longer. Next year, the satellite will be in a 50-kilometer orbit on the moon, taking pictures and creating high-resolution three-dimensional maps. At that time, the satellite will transmit 461 gigabytes of data to the earth every day for scientists to analyze and study.
Math time
This is a considerable amount of data. It is best to use an example to illustrate what NASA is trying to do. Take my Internet access method as an example. Its bandwidth is 6 megabits per second. First, we need to convert 461 megabytes to 3688 megabytes. At a rate of 6 megabits per second. It will take 614666 seconds, about 170 hours or 7 days. This result does not look very good.
Problems with microwave
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration needs to find a method for high-speed transmission. The cooperation with L-3 Communication Electronics Technology (L-3 ETI) resulted in a solution. Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) amplifiers of the following specifications:
"This microwave amplifier with a power of 40 watts at a frequency of 25.65 GHz can provide a broadband connection of 100 megabits per second (Mbps) between the White Sands of New Mexico and the lunar orbit through the Ka band. The RF efficiency of the traveling wave tube is 50% 1.5 kilograms, the volume is 90X370X90 mm. "
Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (NASA) provided by L-3 ETI
With a bandwidth of 100 megabits per second, the time for 461 gigabytes of data to be sent back to Earth will be reduced to less than ten hours.
The bandwidth of 100 megabits per second does not seem to be surprising. Most 802.11n wireless devices can do this. But let's not forget the distance of these signals. Radio signals move at the speed of light (299792 kilometers per second). At this speed, it takes more than one second for the signal to reach the earth. Developers of wireless network equipment need not worry about this situation.
At last
As with other NASA innovations, this technology will eventually be applied to Earth-orbiting satellites and wireless networks on Earth. Now, we can imagine the use of smart phones to use this type of broadband around the world.
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