As of the end of this month, China's virtual operators will be officially commercialized for one month. After five years of piloting, virtual operators are still in the stage of actual commercial exploration. According to the reporter, many companies interested in applying for licenses are trying to experiment with new business models and profitable areas, such as the Internet of Things. However, due to the missed best period of communication network expansion, the future development direction of virtual operators seems unclear in the face of the pressure of speed-up and the impact of various telecom frauds.
Long pilot periodThe so-called virtual operator refers to the mobile communication resale business, that is, the enterprise can contract part of the communication network usage right from the three basic telecommunication operators, and then repackage it into its own brand, and combine the package and sell it to the end user. This part of the enterprise is called a virtual operator. At present, mobile phones starting with 170 and 171 on the market are mostly virtual operators.
In fact, as early as May 17, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) issued the "Mobile Communications Resale Business Pilot Program", officially launched the mobile communication resale business pilot work. In December 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the first batch of virtual operator licenses to 11 companies.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said in an interview with the Workers Daily that the original intention of introducing virtual operators was to break the monopoly of the industry and inject vitality into the three major communication markets of mobile, telecommunications and China Unicom, trying to use the "squid effect". Industry development. In the five years of the pilot, a total of 42 virtual operators in five batches have opened the road of private mobile communication operations.
However, this policy, which was highly anticipated at the beginning of the pilot, did not go as smoothly as expected.
Initially, the pilot cycle was set to two years. However, due to many problems encountered during the pilot process, the pilot period was extended and the commercial period was extended until May 1 this year. At this time, 5 years have passed.
According to the reporter's understanding, the main problem is the vicious incidents such as telecom fraud that frequently occur during the pilot period, which makes it difficult for virtual operators to implement the real name system and other drawbacks. Especially in the first three quarters of 2016, many problems in the virtual operator pilot have been exposed. During this period, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology had publicly interviewed three virtual operators, and through a number of rounds of unannounced visits, spot checks on the list of companies that exposed violations.
For a time, virtual operators were tagged with many labels, and mobile resale business went into a trough. After the rectification, this situation has improved since the fourth quarter of 2016.
According to the public data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2016, the number of developed virtual operators in China was 43 million, accounting for 3% of the total number of domestic mobile users. At the same time, it directly attracts about 3 billion yuan of private investment, which is insignificant compared with China's huge mobile communication consumer market.
After a year of recovery in 2017, as of the beginning of 2018, virtual operators attracted about 60 million users and over 3.2 billion yuan of private investment, of which only 17 of the 42 pilot companies resold more than 1 million users. The number of users of the three companies exceeds 5 million, and the largest number of users exceeds 10 million.
The growth in the number of users is weak, and the amount of investment is small, which also affects the operational benefits of various virtual operators. According to public data, during the pilot period, the virtual operators who originally wanted to pan for gold in the telecom market were not optimistic. As of the end of 2017, only 13 resale companies achieved cumulative profits for the year.
Missing a good timeWhy is the policy that has been placed in high hopes finally come to such a situation? In addition to the long-term pilot period and the long-term uncertainties of the policy, the emergence of virtual operators in China can be said to be untimely.
The outbreak of growth in the domestic communications market was in the 1990s and the first decade of this century. During these 20 years, the three major operators have absorbed hundreds of millions of users with their innate advantages, basically laying the groundwork for a three-point world. In this context, virtual operators will enter this market again, and they will depend on three basic operators, and the difficulty of their operation can be imagined. Moreover, the traditional dividends of the three major operators have also disappeared in recent years, and they are facing enormous challenges. Virtual operators have joined the competition at this time, and there is not much market to divide.
In the past three years, the government departments have continuously put pressure on the three basic operators to urge them to increase the speed of speed reduction. From the data point of view, China's communication network has achieved great breakthroughs in speeding up and down in the past three years, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has also explicitly requested the three major operators to continue to increase the speed of price reduction in 2018. This means that virtual operators will continue to reduce their operating costs and bring great challenges to their operational capabilities.
A telecommunications industry expert pointed out that under the general trend of speeding up and lowering fees, the advantages of virtual operators in terms of price are almost exhausted. Under such circumstances, how to let users continue to choose to use is a common problem they face.
Nuggets Internet of ThingsThe industry generally believes that despite the many development challenges, with the launch of formal commercial use, virtual operators will usher in new development opportunities. According to the reporter's understanding, this formal commercialization not only cancels the restriction of the capital attribute of the operating entity, but also the state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises can apply for the resale business. It also enriches the scope of resale business, and for the first time proposes new technologies such as encouraging the resale enterprise to develop the Internet of Things. New application.
According to industry experts, the formal commercial license means more possibilities for business expansion and the imagination of new ways of realizing.
Fu Liang, a telecom expert, believes that with the official issuance of commercial licenses for virtual operators, more new companies will be introduced to compete in the future, and enterprises can also enrich the original ecosystem and provide users with more enthusiasm. Service.
In addition, the participation of foreign telecom companies will further aggravate the competitive landscape of China's communication network market.
Competition will increase and innovation will increase. The Internet of Things may become an important area for virtual operators to compete for.
According to the reporter's understanding, as early as three years ago, the virtual operators in the pilot have begun to deploy the Internet of Things. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also clearly stated that the resale enterprises should develop the Internet of Things industry on the premise of ensuring the implementation of industry card real-name registration and network security. Application of new technologies and new applications. Some analysts believe that the entry into the Internet of Things is a new opportunity for the development of virtual operators. More than one-third of the virtual operators in China have begun to deploy this market. For example, Xiaomi Mobile currently has more than 10 million IoT connections.
Miao Jianhua, vice president and secretary general of the China Communications Enterprise Association, believes that although virtual operators are generally small in scale, they are highly specialized and targeted. The implementation of the Internet of Things business has its unique advantages and can be segmented by market and around customer needs. Implement personalized customized services to make business solutions more accurate and effective.
A person in charge of snail mobile said that the virtual operators are still in the early stage of development, and with the continuous exploration, they will definitely find different development paths.
Industry experts pointed out that although faced with various pressures such as speed-up and fee reduction, telecom fraud, and market competition, with the gradual deregulation of policies, virtual operators have missed the best opportunity for expansion, but in the era of mobile Internet, There are great opportunities and opportunities for innovation.
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