I. Project Overview
1.1 Introduction
In contemporary society, smoking cessation has become a trend, but in many public places, smoking is not uncommon. Smoking is not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also causes serious harm to other people's body, life and property. Among these hazards, fires are the most important and most harmful one.
1.2 Project Background / Motivation
Nowadays, in many public places, people's smoking causes poor air quality and affects people's health. In some specific environments, there are certain restrictions on the indoor smoke concentration. Due to various reasons, the fire is frequent, and measures are taken to curb this phenomenon. Has become a top priority. The project was conceived on the basis of the above considerations. We have concentrated on smoke detection, smoking cessation tips and fire warnings to develop a practical, convenient and low-cost intelligent electronic smoke detection and warning system.
Second, the demand analysis
2.1 Functional requirements
The system realizes the function of fire warning by real-time detection of smoke and temperature in the environment.
Smoke detection is divided into two parts: one to detect the smoke generated when smoking in the environment, and the other to detect the smoke in the event of a fire. The accuracy requirements of the smoke sensor are different. When someone in the environment smokes, the smoke sensor generates an electrical signal through the detected state, and sends it to the MCU for processing. The MCU controls the alarm module to prompt to quit smoking, and controls the relay to open the exhaust fan to evacuate the smoke in time. When the temperature and smoke concentration in the environment exceeds certain indicators, the system controls the relay, opens the exhaust fan, evacuates the smoke, and reports the fire to the control center through wireless transmission, and can notify the staff at the first time.
The temperature detection module mainly detects the temperature of the area to prevent the temperature from rising, and some dry and flammable objects in the ignition area. When the temperature is outside the normal range, the system will generate an early warning sound and display the current temperature value. The data will be sent by the wireless module to the control room, which will then be processed by the staff.
2.2 Performance requirements
The smoke sensor uses a good performance and high precision MQ-2 with a detection range of 300 to 10000 ppmm, a response time of less than 10 mS, a working environment temperature of -20 ° C to +55 ° C, and a temperature sensor using high performance produced by DALLAS, USA. The single-bus DS18B20 has an accuracy of ±0.5 °C in the range of -10 °C to +85 °C with a resolution of 9 to 12 bits, and can be programmed to determine the specific number of bits. The conversion time is in milliseconds; data processing module Using Amel's high-performance, low-power AVR32 microcontroller; wireless transmission using Nordic VLSI's RF905 wireless transceiver module, using high-precision patch crystal, smaller size, better performance, working at 433MHz global open ISM band license-free The use of the card, high performance and low power consumption, high receiving sensitivity, strong anti-interference, high integration, and stable communication. Through the cooperation of the above modules, the system can fully realize all functions of smoke detection, smoking cessation prompts and fire warning. It can be used in railway stations, trains, college dormitory apartments and various public places to realize an environmental protection concept.
Third, the program design
3.1 System function realization principle
Detection transmitter sub-block diagram
System hardware block diagram
As can be seen from the above figure, the smoke sensor (QM series) and the temperature sensor (DS18B20) detect the smoke concentration and temperature in the environment in real time, generate an electrical signal, and pass the signal pre-processing (filtering, amplification, etc.) and then AD conversion. Send the signal to the MCU for processing (the smoke signal is graded to determine the weight of the smoke). After the processing, the MCU displays and alarms through the control module (relay, etc.). In addition, when the temperature and smoke concentration exceeds When the safety indicator is used, the detection substation transmits the data to the control center through the drive wireless module (NRF905) to inform the staff to perform the necessary processing.
3.2 Hardware platform selection and resource configuration
This system uses hardware platform EVK1100. On the basis of making full use of its temperature and light resources, we also need to design our own smoke detection module and related peripheral circuits.
The hardware circuit of the system has a total of five modules, namely temperature detection, smoke detection (two levels), liquid crystal and speaker drive, and wireless module circuit. For the smoke detection circuit, we use the more commonly used MQ series sensors; the temperature detection uses the DS18B20 temperature sensor with superior performance; the models of liquid crystal, speaker, relay and other devices are gradually determined in the later design process.
3.3 system software architecture
3.4 system software process
Program flow chart
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