As mentioned in previous articles, the PCIe bus is forward compatible with the PCI bus in software. Therefore, the PCIe bus inherits the concept of Configuration Header in the PCI bus.
There are also two types of Header, Header0 and Header1 in the PCIe bus, which represent bridge and non-bridge devices respectively. This is exactly the same as the PCI bus. In the PCIe bus, the non-bridge device is also the Endpoint. As shown below:
As shown in the figure, comparing the Header of the PCI introduced above, it can be found that the Header of the PCIe is basically the same as the Header of the PCI, with only a slight difference. However, these differences do not affect PCIe's compatibility with PCI (and the PCIe-to-PCI bridge handles it).
In particular, the Root Complex (RC or Root) and Switch are all new concepts in PCIe. Each port in their structure can correspond to the concept of PCI-to-PCI bridge in the PCI bus. . In other words, there is usually something like a PCI-to-PCI bridge in each RC and Switch. They are shown in the following two figures:
As mentioned before, the PCIe bus is a point-to-point bus. If you need to connect a large number of devices, you need a lot of switches to perform topology. This will undoubtedly greatly increase the power consumption and design cost of the system. . In an ordinary PC or small computer system, do not connect a lot of PCIe equipment, so Switch is not so necessary. A typical server PCIe bus system topology diagram as shown below:
The topology of a typical PCIe bus system is shown in the following figure:
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