"USB Type-C is no longer a new topic. The biggest difference between this USB interface protocol and the Type-A for laptops or the Micro-B for Android phones is that USB Type-C supports both positive and negative insertions. The design of the left and right symmetry of the 24 feet enables half of the positive and negative insertions to operate normally. Type-C usage is becoming more popular.
The simplest USB Type-C interface supports USB 2.0 (D+ and D- in Table 1), joins high-speed signal pairs, and supports USB 3.1 Gen1 (5Gbps) or USB 3.1 Gen2 (10Gbps) transmission speeds (Table 1) Tx+- and Rx+-).
In addition, USB Type-C can increase the power supply wattage from the original 5V/3A to 20V/5A through Power Delivery (hereinafter referred to as PD) protocol. At the same time, the version after PD 2.0 adds the Alternative Mode (hereinafter referred to as Alt-Mode), and the pin definition of Table 1 can be redefined through Alt-Mode, so that the USB Type-C connector can transmit in addition to data and power. Image information.
USB Type-C allows for the transfer of data, power and video. As a result, we can discover from several new flagship phones or the latest notebooks. More and more devices use the USB Type-C interface. A trend. The following article will introduce the three USB Type-C specifications released in 2017, which are divided into three parts: data, power and video.
USB 3.2 transfer rate increased to 20Gbps
USB 3.2 announced version 1.0 in September 2017. USB 3.2 will use two pairs of high-speed signal lines of USB Type-C at the same time, which can achieve twice the transmission speed of USB 3.1 Gen2 (10Gbps) (20Gbps); in the past, USB 3.1 Gen1 Or USB 3.1 Gen2 only uses a pair of high-speed signal lines, which can be transmitted in the old USB Type-A interface. The new USB 3.2 needs to use two pairs of high-speed signals at the same time, so it can only be applied to the USB Type-C interface. It is said that it is tailor-made for USB Type-C.
The main feature of USB 3.2 is that the transmission speed doubles to 20 Gbps and the USB 3.1 Gen2 line length can reach 2 meters. In the USB Type-C specification, both sides are transmitted in the standard cable of the USB Type-C interface. The length of the wire of USB 3.1 Gen2 speed is less than 1 meter, and the length of the wire for transmitting USB 3.1 Gen1 speed is less than 2 ruler. Through the USB 3.2 technology, the 5Gbps speed is simultaneously transmitted to two pairs of high-speed signals, so that the transmission speed of 10Gbps can be transmitted within 2 meters. For the Hub application, as the transmission bandwidth of the pair doubles, each downstream port of the Hub also has the opportunity to reach the full load speed.
PPS specification meets fast charging requirements and then explores power-related PPS
(Programmable Power Supply). On December 12, 2017, Tell Lab held a seminar on fast charging technology standards and applications in Songshan Lake, Dongguan. The communication industry standard of the People's Republic of China was officially promulgated at the meeting: "Technical requirements and test methods for fast charging of mobile communication terminals". Among them, when the charger and the mobile terminal are both USB Type-C interfaces, the only charging protocol should be PD, and PPS is also developed according to the current fast charging requirements of mobile phones.
In the past, in order to shorten the charging speed, the charging wattage of the mobile phone was increased by increasing the output voltage of the charger. However, because the step-down line in the mobile phone reduces the high voltage to a low voltage, the efficiency of the mobile phone is charged. In order to solve this problem, it is hoped that the step-down line in the mobile phone can be removed, so that the output of the charger is directly connected to the battery terminal of the mobile phone, and the output can be adjusted according to the change of the battery voltage, so there is a definition of PPS. PPS is like a standard fixed output PD, which defines four standard voltages: 5V (adjustable 3~5.9V), 9V (adjustable 3~11V), 15V (adjustable 3~16V), 20V (adjustable 3~21V) In each set of adjustable voltage range, the power receiver can make a minimum 20mV voltage step or 50mA current step adjustment according to the current condition of the power supply.
If you cooperate with the chip manufacturer to develop a Voltage Scaler with different multiples for the device, you can charge the battery with 6A, 9A or 12A with a 3A wire. Take the USB chip supplier Weifeng Electronics as an example. The USB Type-C PD DFP chip VP300, which is designed for chargers, supports PD 3.0 and QC3.0 protocols. The chip integrates TL431 and can directly pass the optocoupler. The component is fed back to the power control chip of the primary side AC-DC. In addition to the TL431 feedback loop designed for AC-DC, the VP300 integrates the feedback of the I2C and FB reference voltages to control the needs of different DC-DCs. The built-in 5V LDO does not require an external power supply line, allowing Vconn to supply 70mW of power to the E-Marker.
In addition, in the 1.3 version of USB Type-C, the Vconn Power Device (VPD) specification has been added. The VPD device can accept not only the original Vbus but also the lowest 3V supplied by Vconn. The purpose of the minimum 3V is to place a lithium battery in the mobile device. The minimum discharge voltage of a single lithium battery is generally set at 3V.
In the past, when the Vbus was powered by the USB interface, the power supply terminal had to raise the battery voltage to 5V through the booster line, and the power receiving terminal would reduce the 5V through the buck chip to 3.3V or 1.8V, giving the other internal chips. Use, causing power conversion on both sides and losing performance. If the voltage of the battery can be directly supplied through Vconn, the power supply side or the power receiving side can be used to place other power conversion chips, which can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of the overall power supply. As for the E-Marker mentioned above, it is placed in the USB Type-C wire at both ends, just like the wire ID card, which is used to store the wire material, which contains the loadable current (3A or 5A). USB speed (USB 2.0 or USB 3.1), voltage withstand voltage, etc., and the power required by E-Marker is provided by the power supply from Vconn.
On the other hand, at the USB Developer Conference held in Vancouver in September 2017, there was also a description of the multi-port charger for USB multi-port charging. Multiple ports are fully available in Assured Capacity Ports and Shared Capacity Ports (Figure 1).
Figure 1 USB multi-port definition
The examples in Figure 1 are all multi-port chargers with a total wattage of 60W. The multi-port charger type on the left is Assured Capacity, and the three USB Type-C ports are available in 30W/15W/15W, respectively. The USB Type-C port can be regarded as a single charging port, regardless of the load of other ports.
Therefore, the output of each port should be able to meet the supply wattage of its logo, and the USB Association currently provides certification for the USB Type-C power supply. The logo is for a single USB Type-C authentication. The mouth charge is certified by 30W.
The multi-port charger type on the right side of Figure 1 is Shared Capacity. In this case, a single port can achieve a maximum wattage output of 27W, but the total output wattage of the three ports plus no more than 60W, and the certification is for a single port authentication, so this charger is certified by 27W.
Next, the operation principle of a single port maximum 27W and a total wattage 60W Shared Capacity will be described with reference to FIG. When the first port is used 24W, the remaining wattage of 60W is 36W, which still exceeds the maximum 27W requirement of each port. Therefore, the remaining two ports can still supply a maximum of 27W, and then the second port uses 15W. The wattage is 21W, and the maximum wattage that can be supplied in the last bit is only 21W to meet the demand of 60W total wattage.
Figure 2 Principle of Shared Capacity
If you move the same three devices to the Assured Capacity on the left side of Figure 1, you will find that only 15W of this device ensures that enough wattage is available, while another 24W or 21W device will have to be inserted into the 15W port. The wattage is insufficient and only 15W can be charged. If the 30W power supply port is occupied by a 15W device, it will result in only 15W power supply for both 21W and 24W devices.
In July 2017, Display Port Alt-Mode 1.0b (DP Alt-Mode) only slightly updated the existing specifications, removing Pin Assignment A and B that use GEN2_BR to transmit DisplayPort signals. In terminal applications, It's just a notebook computer, and you can't find the mobile phone factory to start using DP Alt-Mode applications (Figure 3).
Figure 3 DP Alt-Mode diagram
Type-C combined with alternative mode image transmission is more convenient
In 2017, the main flagship mobile phones such as Samsung S8/Note 8, Huawei Mate10, HTC U11, etc. all support DP Alt-Mode, and Samsung and Huawei launched accessories that can be transferred out of HDMI via mobile phone USB Type-C. .
The mobile phone delivers video signals to the big screen via USB Type-C. The screen on the big screen not only enlarges the picture seen on the mobile phone, but also redesigns it, regardless of the left and right button control of the docking mouse, drag and drop of the application window. Wait, it's close to our previous Windows experience in computer or laptop. Through such a transfer, the application of the screen size limitation of the mobile phone is greatly expanded, and the drama, game play or reply mail which can be performed on the mobile phone side are better used due to the expansion of the large screen.
We believe that such applications will become more widespread in the future, whether for home entertainment or business trips. It is conceivable that in the future, business people only need to carry a mobile phone when they are on a business trip. The client can project the briefing materials to the big screen through the USB Type-C interface for introduction. To return to the hotel, just connect the Type-C connector attached to the hotel. You can use your hotel TV to work or watch a drama, and you can also charge your phone through USB Type-C.
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