If you browse the electronic production materials 5-10 years ago, you will be able to see a wide variety of microcontroller selection, various hand-welded circuit boards, complicated flying lines... and various MCU-based electronics in recent years. Production, it is unified, many electronic DIY works of different fields and different functions, most of which use the same control module as the core - Arduino.
So what exactly is Arduino? Is it a new control chip or a new development software? What advantages does it have, and it can almost unify the electronic DIY rivers and lakes in just a few years?
Figure 1 The most common Arduino control panel - Arduino UNO
First, let's look at the physical map of Arduino. Figure 0.1 shows the most common Arduino object. The figure has already distinguished each module according to the function. I believe that a friend who has a little understanding of the development of the MCU must have found that this is not a control board with the minimum system of ATmega MCU as the core? Yes, Arduino is a single-chip control board with ATmega microcontroller as the control core. In addition to the ATmega328 minimum system circuit, the board also includes a voltage regulator circuit, a USB to serial port circuit, some LEDs for indication, and some expansion circuit sockets.
Why is it possible to be the world's smallest system with only one microcontroller?
Below we compare the bare-metal microcomputer, the general-purpose microcontroller development board and the Arduino on the market in the form of a graph.
The table lists the most intuitive comparisons of the three options (there is no convenience in comparing the purchase channels in the table. With the popularity of online shopping, this is no longer a problem that enthusiasts need to pay special attention to). It seems that Arduino has no special advantage, so why is Arduino so sought after?
To answer this question, we must first review the development of Arduino. In 2005, Massimo Banzi, a teacher at a high-tech design school in the Italian town of Ivrea (a domestic creator called him affectionately “Uncleâ€), in order to provide students with a cheap and good Using the microcontroller platform, the original Arduino control panel was designed in collaboration with David CuarTIelles, a Spanish chip engineer who was a visiting scholar at the school. Then Arduino began to quickly become popular in Europe, and gradually spread the spring breeze around the world.
Arduino's unique advantages
Several advantages unique to Arduino are reflected in the following aspects:
Openness : Arduino is an open source hardware project that started early. Various open source projects have been widely recognized and widely used. Its hardware circuitry and software development environment are completely public, and anyone can use, modify, and distribute it without commercial use. This not only allows the user to better understand the circuit principle of Arduino, but also can modify it according to his own needs. For example, due to space constraints, it is necessary to design a special-shaped circuit board or design his own expansion circuit together with the main control circuit. .
Ease of use : For those who are slightly interested, no matter what the basis, as long as he is interested, within one hour after getting Arduino, you should be able to successfully run the first simple program. Arduino's connection to the PC uses the most mainstream USB connection available today. You can connect the Arduino directly to your computer just like you would a smartphone, without the need to install any additional drivers. And Arduino's development environment software is also very simple, the menu at a glance only provides the necessary toolbars, removing all the elements that may be dazzling for beginners, you can even compile and download the routines without reading the manual.
Communication : For beginners, communication and presentation are very exciting ways to stimulate learning. But sometimes, you used AVR to make a tracking car. I used PIC to make a car tracking. It is not a very profound beginner to understand the MCU. I am afraid it will be difficult to communicate. Arduino has already delineated a relatively uniform framework. Some of the underlying initializations use a unified method. The ports used for digital signals and analog signals are also calibrated. Beginners are very convenient in AC circuits or programs.
Rich third-party resources : Arduino is all open source regardless of hardware or software. You can understand all the underlying mechanisms, and it also reserves a very friendly third-party library development interface. Adhering to the openness and sharing of the open source community, many enthusiasts will share their hardware and software with you after successfully implementing their own designs. For the latecomers, you can easily find some basic function modules you want to use in the Arduino community, such as servo control, PID speed control, A/D conversion and so on. Some function module vendors are also paying more and more attention to the Arduino community, and will provide libraries and related tutorials under Arduino for their products. These are greatly convenient for Arduino developers, you don't have to stick to the basic functions, but put more energy into the functional design you want to do.
Yes, from the technical point of view of professional embedded development, Arduino is not the first choice. In order to take care of beginners and even the layman of electronic development as much as possible, Arduino has customized many low-level designs, and naturally lost a lot of embedded. The flexibility and efficiency of development is one of the reasons why many experienced embedded designers are dismissive of Arduino. So where is the positioning of Arduino?
Arduino's positioning
Arduino was originally created for the learning of embedded development, but today it has gone far beyond the technical field of embedded development. Some people refer to Arduino as “technical artâ€. Many enthusiasts outside the field of electronic technology have designed and developed many interesting works with rich imagination and creativity. At home, Arduino appears more as an embedded learning tool and electronic development prototype module, but its charm is not only that, it can be used as a new "toy" or even a new art carrier to attract more People from many fields join the magical world of Arduino.
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